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Q. Write phosphate conditioning method for water softening with suitable chemical reactions. How it is different from soda lime method.
Ans.
Phosphate conditioning: In high pressure boilers, scale formation can be avoided by adding sodium phosphate, which reacts with hardness causing substance of water, forming non adherent and easily removable soft sludge of calcium and magnesium phosphates, which can be removed by blow down operation.
3MCl2 + 2Na3PO4 = M3 (PO4)2 + 6NaCl
Where M = Ca+2 or Mg+2
Mainly employed phosphates are:
1. Sodium dehydrogenate phosphate (acidic) Na2HPO4
2. Disodium hydrogen phosphate (weakly acidic) Na2HPO4
3. Trisodium hydrogen phosphate (alkaline) Na3PO4.
Difference between phosphate conditioning and Lime-Soda method
Phosphate conditioning
Lime-soda process
1
This is internal treatment method.
This is external treatment method.
2
It just supplements the L-S process and is not meant to replace L-S.
It has its own importance and is meant that it is necessary.
3
In this appropriate sodium phosphates are added.
Calculated amount of L and S is added.
Correct statement is: (1) K=4s 1 , Cr= 3d 4 4s 2 , Cu= 3d 10 4s 2 (2) K=4s 2, Cr= 3d 4 4s 2 , Cu= 3d 10 4s 2 (3) K=4s 2 Cr= 3d 5 4s 1 , Cu= 3d 10
Uses of Sucrose, Cane-sugar (1) Sucrose is used as a sweetening substance for several jams, syrups sweets, food preparations etc. (2) Sucrose is used in the making of sucros
Valence electron of pd Pd has ten valence electrons in the neutral atom. There are no charges and no X-type ligands in the complex; as, this is a d 10 complex.
(a) Write the structural formula of 3-phenylprop-2-enal. (b) Write one chemical equation each to illustrate the following reactions: (i) Aldol condensation (ii) Cannizzaro
For p-orbital, the magnetic quantum number has value: (1) 2 (2) 4, - 4 (3) - 1, 0, +1 (4) 0 Ans: - 1, 0, +1
I want to know about law of inverse proportion clearly.
what is the molecular geometry of IF4+
How are formalin and trioxane related to methanol?
Westron_>zn+alcohol->?
Q. General Characteristics of the f-block? You know that the 14 elements from cerium (Z = 58) to lutetium (Z = 71), which follow lanthanum (Z = 57) in the periodic table, are k
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