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Q. Write phosphate conditioning method for water softening with suitable chemical reactions. How it is different from soda lime method.
Ans.
Phosphate conditioning: In high pressure boilers, scale formation can be avoided by adding sodium phosphate, which reacts with hardness causing substance of water, forming non adherent and easily removable soft sludge of calcium and magnesium phosphates, which can be removed by blow down operation.
3MCl2 + 2Na3PO4 = M3 (PO4)2 + 6NaCl
Where M = Ca+2 or Mg+2
Mainly employed phosphates are:
1. Sodium dehydrogenate phosphate (acidic) Na2HPO4
2. Disodium hydrogen phosphate (weakly acidic) Na2HPO4
3. Trisodium hydrogen phosphate (alkaline) Na3PO4.
Difference between phosphate conditioning and Lime-Soda method
Phosphate conditioning
Lime-soda process
1
This is internal treatment method.
This is external treatment method.
2
It just supplements the L-S process and is not meant to replace L-S.
It has its own importance and is meant that it is necessary.
3
In this appropriate sodium phosphates are added.
Calculated amount of L and S is added.
Equivalent weigjt of potash alum
5H is the most stable, and the least stable isotope is 7H
is co2 stable molecule justify
Explain classification of arches according to shapes raw a neat sketch of Flemish bond (1 brick wall and 1.5 brick wall thickness ).
The correct electronic configuration of Ti(Z= 22) atom is: (1) 1s 2 , 2s 2 , 2p 6 , 3p 6 , 4s 2 , 3d 2 , (2) 1s 2, 2s 2 , 2p 6 , 3p 6 , , 3d 4 , (3) 1s 2 , 2s
If you have not used tar before, try this sequence to makeanarchive ofyour llast project: %cd;tar cf llast.tar llast %tar tfv llast.tar The first line m vesyou to your hom
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general methods of preparation of ethanol
The Carnot cycle consists of four processes in succession: 1. isothermal compression from T L , V 1 to T L , V 2 2. adiabatic compression from T L , V 2 to T H , V 3 3
what is an acid
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