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Q. Write phosphate conditioning method for water softening with suitable chemical reactions. How it is different from soda lime method.
Ans.
Phosphate conditioning: In high pressure boilers, scale formation can be avoided by adding sodium phosphate, which reacts with hardness causing substance of water, forming non adherent and easily removable soft sludge of calcium and magnesium phosphates, which can be removed by blow down operation.
3MCl2 + 2Na3PO4 = M3 (PO4)2 + 6NaCl
Where M = Ca+2 or Mg+2
Mainly employed phosphates are:
1. Sodium dehydrogenate phosphate (acidic) Na2HPO4
2. Disodium hydrogen phosphate (weakly acidic) Na2HPO4
3. Trisodium hydrogen phosphate (alkaline) Na3PO4.
Difference between phosphate conditioning and Lime-Soda method
Phosphate conditioning
Lime-soda process
1
This is internal treatment method.
This is external treatment method.
2
It just supplements the L-S process and is not meant to replace L-S.
It has its own importance and is meant that it is necessary.
3
In this appropriate sodium phosphates are added.
Calculated amount of L and S is added.
Give ten Characteristics of convalent bonding
difference between scales and sludge
Physical properties of Dihydric alcohols (a) Dihydric alcohols is a colourless, syrupy liquid and sweet in taste. Its boiling point is 197°C. (b) Dihydric alcohols is misci
Which has highest second ionisation energy? Electronic config of Na(+) is noble gas config. . so its very difficult to remove an electron so it will have very high 2nd ionisati
intro
2NO N2 + O2 has a Keq of 85 Keq = [N2}{02} ------- [NO]2 at equilibrium, would have more reactants or products
The energy of an electron revolving in n th Bohr's orbit of an atom is given by the expression; (1) E n = 2Π 2 me 2 z 2 /n 2 h 2 (2) E n = 2Π 2 m
The energy of a photon is calculated by: (1) E= hv (2) h= Ev (3) h = E/v (4) E= h/v Ans: E= hv
Q. Write phosphate conditioning method for water softening with suitable chemical reactions. How it is different from soda lime method. Ans. Phosphate condition
why element belonging to group 3 to 12 are trnsicition element
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