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Phase Contrast MicroscopyPhase contrast microscope has the resolving power similar to ordinary light microscope. However, it enables us to observe the cellular organelles in living cell. The working of this microscope is based on the principle of phase contrast.To understand phase contrast microscopy you should know that whenever two light waves interfere with each other, the resultant light wave may have either greater or lesser amplitude depending on the phases of the light waves (Figure shown below).
It is a known fact that a light wave passing through a transparent object suffers a change in phase.The living cells are heterogeneous in their cellular components having different thickness. Due to this difference, each component has different refractive index. Hence, when a light wave passes through the cell, a change in phase is produced due to differences of thickness and refractive indices of cellular components. The phase contrast microscope exaggerates the small difference between the phases and enables one to distinguish the adjacent structures.
Haemoglobin Among the respiratory pigments we shall consider haemoglobin in some detail as this is the most familiar, widespread as well as the most efficient respiratory pigm
GER M LAYER THEORY - Proposed by Pander, studied chick embryo development. Coined the term ectoderm, mesoderm & endoderm.
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Classification
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The ability to sequence DNA has led to a revolution in molecular biology. a) Describe the principles of DNA sequencing. b) A single sequencing reaction yields at best 1500 ba
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