Pharmacological treatment, Biology

Assignment Help:

Diuretic Therapy

One of the aims of treatment of congestive heart failure is directed toward controlling salt and water retention (central or peripheral edema). Diuretics provide effective relief of symptoms in patients with moderate to severe  congestive heart failure. Though excessive diuresis can lead to electrolyte imbalance and neuro-humoral activation, most of the symptomatic patients require some diuretics for symptom relief. Daily weight measurement is an important guide to the adequacy of this therapy.

Thiazide Diuretics and Similar Agents

When fluid retention is mild, a thiazide diuretics or a similar type of agent may be sufficient (hydrochlorothiazide, 25-100 mg; metolazone, 2.5-5 mg; chlorthalidone, 25-50 mg; etc).

Thiazide agents are generally ineffective when the glomerular filtration rate falls below 30-40 mL/min. Metolazone maintains its efficacy down to a glomerular filtration rate of approximately 20-30 mL/min.  

Adverse reactions: Hypokalemia, prerenal azotemia, skin rashes, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hepatic dysfunction. 

Loop Diuretics

Patients with more severe heart failure should be treated with one of the loop diuretics. These agents are active even in severe renal insufficiency.

E.g. Furosemide (20-320 mg daily),


Related Discussions:- Pharmacological treatment

What are heterochromatin and euchromatin, What are heterochromatin and euch...

What are heterochromatin and euchromatin? Chromatin is uncondensed nuclear DNA, the typical DNA morphology in interphase (the phase of the cell cycle in which the cells is not

Rk, how many chromosomes in human

how many chromosomes in human

What are his morning and bedtime doses, a) Donald is a 50 year old male wit...

a) Donald is a 50 year old male with a long history of bipolar disorder. He has been hospitalized three times in the last 8 months for manic episodes. He was just admitted to your

Deficiency diseases-selenium and vitamin e deficiency, Selenium and vitamin...

Selenium and vitamin E deficiency Selenium is an essential micro-mineral required for various physiological functions and for immunity against a variety of diseases. It is an i

Collection of blood, Collection of Blood It is a procedure done rout...

Collection of Blood It is a procedure done routinely for diagnosis. It can be done in various ways. 1) Capillary Sampling  The heel is the most useful area i

What are the ploidies of the new cells, Q. In which meiotic division does t...

Q. In which meiotic division does the separation of identical chromatids take place? And After the end of this process what are the ploidies of the new cells? The separation of

Calculate micronutrient and other nutrient requirements, Calculate Micronut...

Calculate Micronutrient and other specific nutrient requirements? The recommended average daily per capita intake of various specific nutrients for typical population requiring

Experiment of a study of broken rock, A study of broken rock Break open...

A study of broken rock Break open several rock specimens. Compare the appearance of freshly broken surfaces with the Heather-worn outside of the rock. The rocks may be safely b

Explain the metabolic aberrations of underweight, Explain the Metabolic Abe...

Explain the Metabolic Aberrations of Underweight? When energy intake falls below the minimal requirements, the body responds with an orderly physiologic adaptation involving th

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd