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Being simultaneously basic and acidic, water undergoes autoprotolysis, also called self-ionization:
The equilibrium constant is
H3O+ in these equations is general simply written H+. In pure water and in solutions that do not give any additional source of H+ or OH- both ions have molar concentrations exact to 10-7. Addition of an acid decreases [OH-] and hence increases [H3O+]; addition of a base has the reverse effect.
The pH scale is defined by
Neutral water has a pH of 7, acidic solutions have lower values of ph (typically 0-7), and basic solutions or alkaline higher values (7-14). In alkaline or basic solutions [OH-] is thus greater than [H+].
Strong and weak behavior
The equilibrium constant of the protolysis reaction
is known as the acid dissociation constant (Ka) of HA or the acidity constant:
It is often expressed as a pKa value, described as
The orbital with maximum energy is: (1) 3d (2) 5p (3) 4s (4) 6d Ans: 6d
details of adsorption chromatography
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what is chemistry
Which have the same number of S electrons as the d - electrons in fe2+
Q. Requirements for the evaluation process? Some of the requirements to be kept in mind for the evaluation of the products are listed herewith: • People in a sensory test a
various concepts of acid and base
work is not a state function. Explain
Q. why is sodium aluminates is a better coagulates then ferrous sulphates or alum? Ans. Sodium aluminates (NaAlO 2 ): It is better coagulant than FeSO 4 and alum because i
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