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Being simultaneously basic and acidic, water undergoes autoprotolysis, also called self-ionization:
The equilibrium constant is
H3O+ in these equations is general simply written H+. In pure water and in solutions that do not give any additional source of H+ or OH- both ions have molar concentrations exact to 10-7. Addition of an acid decreases [OH-] and hence increases [H3O+]; addition of a base has the reverse effect.
The pH scale is defined by
Neutral water has a pH of 7, acidic solutions have lower values of ph (typically 0-7), and basic solutions or alkaline higher values (7-14). In alkaline or basic solutions [OH-] is thus greater than [H+].
Strong and weak behavior
The equilibrium constant of the protolysis reaction
is known as the acid dissociation constant (Ka) of HA or the acidity constant:
It is often expressed as a pKa value, described as
The tetrahedral arrangement of four ligands surrounding the metal ion may be visualized. It is clear that in tetrahedral field, none of the orbitals point exactly towards the ligan
Every substance poses exact amount of energy known as internal energy or intrinsic energy (E).
what are the chemical properties of protium, deuterium and tritium.
positive standard electrode potential and negetive standard electrod potential
P-nitrobenzenediazonium ion The p-nitrobenzenediazonium ion, which is formed in the diazotization reaction, acts as the electrophile in an electrophilic aromatic substitution a
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Non - ideal solutions exhibit either positive or negative deviations from Roulette's law. What are these deviations and why are they caused? Explain with one example for each t
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The tallest living man today, as recorded, is Allam Chamna of Pakistan. He is 8 feet and 3 inches tall. What is his height in meter?
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