Permanent magnets, Electrical Engineering

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Materials with 'hard' magnetic B/H characteristics often show a strong residual magnetism. This makes them suitable for making permanent magnets. If the ring material were magnetised, then the magnetised material itself will create a flux in the ring. No current carrying coil will be required.

1915_permanent magnets.png

 

For a permanent magnet, flux is produced by the alignment of magnetised domains within the material itself. (c.f earlier notes relating to residual magnetism in B/H curve).  In this case, the flux exists without the need for a coil, i.e. N.I = 0. Hence applying Ampere's Law results in:

 

1504_permanent magnet.png

Hence eqn 1 and the B/H curve must be simultaneously satisfied and to give the flux density and magnetic field strength in the magnetic material (and hence also the air gap)

 

1077_permanent magnet 1.png

 

 

from equation (1)  Bc/Hc=-Lc/Lgµ0         

 

which is slope of a straight line. The flux density and magnetic field in the magnetic circuit is given by the point at which eqn (1) cuts the B/H curve. Permanent magnets are widely used in transducers:- loud speakers, measuring meters, D.C. motors etc.

 


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