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PC Bus and Interrupt System
The PC Bus utilized a bus controller, address latches, and data transceivers (bidirectional data buffers).
1) Bus controller :( Intel 8288 Bus Controller) coordinates activities on bus. It converts clock signal and CPU status into bus control signals. These control signals direct operations of data transceivers, latches and the I/O bus
2) Address latches: these are buffers for the address lines. They consider 2 reasons, fill the speed gap between the CPU and other devices; and permit the CPU pins to be utilized for other purposes.
3) Data transceivers: it is bidirectional data buffers
Interrupt processing: interrupt processing follows the below steps:
Once the external device recognizes the acknowledge, then it places the interrupt vector number on the data bus (through interrupt controller, in the case of IBM PC)
After the CPU receives the interrupt vector, it start the standard interrupt-initiation sequence: forming the interrupt vector address; then it is starting execution of the interrupt handler routine.
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The addressing modes for the sequential control transfer instructions are described below: 1. Immediate: Immediate data is a part of instruction,in this type of addressin
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CALL : Unconditional Call:- This instruction is utilized to call a subroutine from a basic program. In case of assembly language programming, the term procedure is utilized int
Format of Control Register The format for the control register is given in Figure. Bit 0 of this register might be one before data may be output and bit two might be one
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PTR : Pointer:- The pointer operator which is used to declare the type of a variable, label or memory operand. The operator PTR is prefixed by either WORD or BYTE. If the prefi
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