Pathophysiology and assessment of patent ductus arteriosus, Biology

Assignment Help:

Pathophysiology 

If  the ductus arteriosus does not close after birth, the higher pressure in the aorta than in the pulmonary artery causes the blood to flow from the aorta, through the patent ductus into the pulmonary artery thus resulting in left to right shunt. This results in increased work load on the left side of  the heart, increased vascular pressure  in the pulmonary tree and increased blood flow in the ascending aorta. 

Assessment 

The clinical features depend upon the size of  the ductus and the amount of  shunting. The defect is discovered only on routine examination of  a classic "machinery murmur" which occurs during systole as well as diastole. 

The mild symptoms may include growth retardation, dyspnoea on exertion, palpitation, easy fatigability and recurrent  respiratory infection. Other clinical symptoms may include heart rate over 150/minute, gallop rhythm due to rapid filling of the ventricle, bounding pulses due to increased systolic pressure and wide pulse pressure. In severely affected cases congestive heart failure may  be present. 

Radiologic examination and electrocardiogram shows enlargement of  left ventricle and left atrium. The ascending aorta is dilated and there is increased pulmonary vascularity. Echocardiogram  is normal and the cardiac catheterization  if  necessary shows increased pressure in right ventricle and pulmonary artery and oxygenated blood in pulmonary artery.  


Related Discussions:- Pathophysiology and assessment of patent ductus arteriosus

Of which substance are microfilaments made, Of which substance are microfil...

Of which substance are microfilaments made? What are the properties of these elements that give motility to cells? Microfilaments are made of actin (a protein). The contractile

In unilocular ovary with a single ovule the placentation, In unilocular ova...

In unilocular ovary with a single ovule the placentation is : 1. Marginal 2. Basal 3. Free Central 4. Axile Basal

Estimate the frequency of heterozygotes for allel, Phenylketonuria is a sev...

Phenylketonuria is a severe form of mental disability caused by a homozygous recessive allele. The condition affects about 1 in 10,000 neborn Caucasians. Estimate the frequency of

Nutrition, define alimentary canal

define alimentary canal

State the disorders of sleep, State the Disorders of sleep The need for...

State the Disorders of sleep The need for sleep varies considerably from one person to another, as well as in the same person at different stages of life. We have all been told

Can you explain balloon valvuloplasty, Q. Can you explain Balloon Valvulopl...

Q. Can you explain Balloon Valvuloplasty? Whenever feasible valvuloplasty is the treatment modality of choice. One has to make sure that the valve is suitable and expertise to

Pulsatile perfusion-type of blood pump, Pulsatile Perfusion: Conventional...

Pulsatile Perfusion: Conventional pumps give continuous flow with very little pulsatile property. Pulsatile perfusion is likely to result in better post operative renal and cardi

What is bile salts, What is Bile salts Bile salts have a considerable...

What is Bile salts Bile salts have a considerable ability to lower surface tension. By  this property, they prevent  the coming together of the small fat droplets in  the  in

Explain about genetic engineering, Genetic engineering has been successfull...

Genetic engineering has been successfully used for producing: 1. Transgenic mice for testing safety of polio vaccine before use in humans 2. transgenic models for studying ne

Skeletal system - skull, SKULL- Present in head region. It is suppor...

SKULL- Present in head region. It is supported on the top of vertebral column. It is made up of the hardest and denest bones in the human body. It consists of cranium

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd