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Parameter and Keyword Description:
record_type_name:
This identifies the user-defined type specifier that is used in the subsequent declarations of the records.
NOT NULL:
This constraint prevents the assigning of the nulls to the field. At the run time, trying to assign the null to a field, defined as NOT NULL raises the predefined exception VALUE_ ERROR. The constraint NOT NULL should be followed by an initialization clause.
datatype:
The datatype is a type specifier.
:= | DEFAULT:
This keyword or operator allows you to initialize the fields to the default values.
expression:
This is a indiscriminately complex combination of the constants, variables, literals, operators, & function calls. The easiest expression consists of a single variable. When the declaration is explained, the value of the expression is assigned to the field. The value and the field should have the compatible datatypes.
Declaring Subprograms You can declare subprograms in any PL/SQL subprogram, block, or package. But, you should declare subprograms at the end of the declarative part after a
Initializing and Referencing Collections Until you initialize a collection, a nested table or varray is automatically null (i.e. the collection itself is null, not its elements)
Pl/SQL Expressions The Expressions are constructed by using the operands and operators. An operand is a constant, literal, variable, or function call which contributes a value
Relational Algebra - SQL It describes some operators, that together constitute an algebra that is not only relationally complete but also irreducibly so (very nearly- apart f
Semidifference and NOT - SQL In this section first describe the relational difference operator, named MINUS. Example here shows SQL's closest counterpart of that operator.
Autonomous versus Nested Transactions Though an autonomous transaction is started by the other transaction, it is not a nested transaction for the reasons shown below: (i)
Use Native Dynamic SQL A few programs (a normal-purpose report writer for illustration) should build and process a variety of SQL statements at run time. Therefore, their full
Using TRIM This process has two forms. The TRIM removes an element from the end of the collection. The TRIM(n) removes the n elements from the end of the collection. For e.g.
Closing a Cursor Variable The CLOSE statement disables the cursor variable. After that, the related result set is undefined. The syntax for the same is as shown below: CLOS
Scope and Visibility The References to an identifier are resolved according to its visibility and scope. The scope of an identifier is that area of a program unit (subprogram, b
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