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UTL_FILE:
The Package UTL_FILE permits your PL/SQL programs to read & write operating system (OS) text files. It gives a restricted version of the standard OS stream file I/O, involving the open, put, get, and close operations. When you desire to read or write a text file, you call the function fopen that returns a file handle for use in consequent procedure calls. For illustration, the procedure put_line writes a text string and line terminator to an open file. The procedure get_line reads a line of the text from an open file into an output buffer.
The PL/SQL file I/O is accessible on both the client and server sides. Though, on the server side, the file access is constrained to those directories explicitly listed in the accessible directories list that is stored in the Oracle initialization file.
UTL_HTTP:
The Package UTL_HTTP permits your PL/SQL programs to make hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) callouts. It can recover data from the Internet or call Oracle Web Server cartridges. The package has 2 entry points, each of that accepts a uniform resource locator (URL) string, links the specified site, and returns the requested data, that is usually in the hypertext markup language (HTML) format.
Referencing Records Unlike the elements in a collection, that are accessed using subscripts, the fields in a record are accessed by name. To reference an individual field, you
Oracle 10G new features:- Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor System Advancements - these methods will provides several methods for extracting reports through the Automatic
Declaring a Cursor The Forward references are not allowed in the PL/SQL. Therefore, you must declare a cursor before referencing it in other statements. Whenever you declare a
1. Create a procedure called TAX_COST_SP to accomplish the tax calculation task. Keep in mind that the state and subtotal values are inputs into the procedure and the procedure is
IS NULL Operator The IS NULL operator returns the Boolean value TRUE whenever its operand is null or FALSE if it is not null. The comparisons including the nulls always yield NU
Avoiding Collection Exceptions In many cases, if you reference a nonexistent collection element, then PL/SQL raises a predefined exception. Consider the illustration shown b
Package STANDARD The package named STANDARD defines the PL/SQL atmosphere. The package specification globally declares the exceptions, types, and subprograms that are available
Relational Algebra - SQL It describes some operators, that together constitute an algebra that is not only relationally complete but also irreducibly so (very nearly- apart f
Example of GROUPBY Operator Example: How many students sat each exam, using GROUP BY, NATURAL LEFT JOIN, and COALESCE SELECT CourseId, COALESCE (n, 0) AS n FROM COURS
Committing and Rolling Back The COMMIT and ROLLBACK end the active autonomous transaction but do not exit the autonomous routine. As the figure shows, if one transaction ends,
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