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Overview of control structuresAccording to the structure theorem, any computer program can be written by using the basic control structures as shown in figure below. They can be combined in any way but is necessary to deal with the given problem.
Figure: Control StructuresThe selection structure tests the condition, and then executes one sequence of statements as an alternative of another, depending on whether the condition is true or false. The condition is any variable or expression that returns a Boolean value (TRUE or FALSE). The iteration structure executes a series of statements repetitively as long as a condition holds true. The sequence of structure simply executes a sequence of the statements in the order in which they occur.
Subprograms The PL/SQL has two types of subprograms known as the procedures and functions that can take parameters and be invoked. As the following example represents, a subp
Parameter Modes: You do not require to specify a parameter mode for the input bind arguments (those used, for illustration, in the WHERE clause) as the mode defaults to IN. Th
Keyword &Parameter Description: index_name: This is an undeclared identifier which can be referenced only within the FORALL statement and only as the collection subscript
Controlling Autonomous Transactions The first SQL statement in an autonomous routine starts a transaction. Whenever one transaction ends, the next SQL statement starts the oth
Redeclaring Predefined Exceptions Keep in mind that, the PL/SQL declares predefined exceptions globally in the package STANDARD; Therefore you need not declare them yourself.
Opening a Cursor Opening the cursor executes the query & identifies the result set that consists of all rows that meet the query search criteria. For the cursors declared usin
DELETE Statement The DELETE statement eliminates whole rows of data from the specified table or view. Syntax:
Write a query to find academics that are authors and that have only ever coauthored papers with authors from institutes in the same state as their own. List their academic number,
Deriving Predicates from Predicates in SQL The corresponding section in the theory book describes how predicates can be derived from predicates using (a) the logical connectiv
Using Savepoints The scope of the savepoint is a transaction in which it is defined. The Savepoints defined in the major transaction are not related to the savepoints defined
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