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Other monadic - SQL
In 2VL there are just 4 (22) monadic operators, of which negation is really the only "useful" one. When a third truth value is introduced we have 27 (33) monadics and SQL gives names to several of these in addition to NOT for its version of negation. Some of these are shown in Figure.
Figure: Truth Tables for Some Other SQL Monadics
Deleting Objects You can use the DELETE statement to eradicate objects from an object table. To eradicate objects selectively, you use the WHERE clause, as shown below: BEG
Semidifference via NOT IN and a subquery SELECT StudentId FROM IS_CALLED WHERE Name = 'Devinder' AND StudentId NOT IN (SELECT StudentId FROM IS_ENROLLED_ON WHER
%NOTFOUND The %NOTFOUND is the logical opposite of the %FOUND. The %NOTFOUND yields TRUE when an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement affected no rows, or the SELECT INTO state
Built-In Functions The PL/SQL provides a lot of powerful functions to help you to manipulate the data. These built-in functions fall into the categories as shown below: error r
UTL_FILE: The Package UTL_FILE permits your PL/SQL programs to read & write operating system (OS) text files. It gives a restricted version of the standard OS stream file I/O,
Data Types in SQL - Decimal DECIMAL, NUMERIC, REAL, FLOAT and various other terms for various sets of rational numbers. When these key words are specified for the declared typ
Using Pragma RESTRICT_REFERENCES: The function called from the SQL statements should obey certain rules meant to control the side effects. To check for violation of the rules,
Scoping Within the similar scope, all the declared identifiers should be unique. So, even if their datatypes differ, the variables and parameters cannot share the similar name.
Grouping and Ungrouping in SQL Example specifying EXAM_MARK in place of COURSE in the main FROM clause. Example: Obtaining C_ER2 from EXAM_MARK SELECT CourseId, CAST
SQLs counterpart of the key words: The text from the opening parenthesis to the end of the fourth line specifies the declared type of the table, meaning that every table ever
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