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In a relation, tuples are not inserted in any definite order. Ordering of tuples is not defined as a part of a relation definition. Though, records may be structured later according to some attribute value in the storage systems. For instance, records in PERSON table may be structured according to PERSON_ID. Such organisation or data depends on the requirement of the underlying database application. Though, for the purpose of display we may get them displayed in the sorted order of age. The following table is sorted by age. It is also worth states here that relational model does not permit duplicate tuples
PERSON
PERSON_ID NAME AGE ADDRESS
2 Sharad Gupta 33 Pocket 2, Mayur Vihar.
1 Sanjay Prasad 35 b-4,Modi Nagar
3 Vibhu Datt 36 c-2, New Delhi
Super Keys, Candidate Keys and Primary Keys for the Relations
As discussed in the last section ordering of relations does not matter and all tuples in a relation are unique. Though, can we uniquely recognize a tuple in a relation? Let us talk about the concepts of keys that are primarily used for the purpose as above.
Atomicity : Either all functions are laid out or none are. Users could not have to think about the effect of incomplete operations. DBMS ensures this by undoing the functions
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Which two files are used during operation of the DBMS? Data dictionary and transaction log are two files used during operation of the DBMS.
We have a buildup of payments that need to be processed. You will need:- To prepare customer account on our site Process payment (you must have working Paypal account to d
Write a query to define tables students and teachers as sub tables of people? Create table students of student under people Create table teachers of teacher under people
Implementation and SQL Applications
List the requirements needed to design a trigger. The requirements are:- Specifying when a trigger is to be implemented. State the actions to be taken when the trigger im
Query Processor The query language processor is responsible for taking query language statements or shifting them from the English-like syntax of the query language to a form
Type of views : Simple views and Difficult Views Feature Simple Views Complex Views Number of tables One
The issues relating to the Design of the Physical Database Files Physical File is a file as stored on the disk. The major issues relating to physical files are: • Cons
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