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Order of EvaluationWhen you do not use the parentheses to specify the order of evaluation, the operator precedence determine the order. Now compare the expressions below:NOT (valid AND done) | NOT valid AND doneWhen the Boolean variables valid and complete the value FALSE, the first expression yields TRUE. Though, the second expression yields FALSE as NOT has a higher precedence than AND. So, the second expression is equivalent to:(NOT valid) AND doneIn the example below, notice that if valid has the value FALSE, the entire expression yields FALSE regardless of the value of done:valid AND doneSimilarly, in the next illustration, when valid has the value TRUE, the entire expression yields TRUE regardless of the value of done:valid OR done
Restriction in SQL Syntax: SELECT DISTINCT StudentId FROM IS_CALLED WHERE Name = 'Boris' The WHERE clause operates on the result of the FROM clause in analogo
Parameter Modes To define the behavior of formal parameters you use the parameter modes. The 3 parameter modes, IN, OUT, & IN OUT, can be used with any subprogram. Though, a
Effects of NULL The numeric variable X, perhaps of type INTEGER, might be assigned NULL. In that case the result of evaluating X + 1 is NULL, and so SET Y = X + 1 assigns NULL
Controlling Cursor Variables You use 3 statements to control the cursor variable: OPEN-FOR, FETCH, & CLOSE. At First, you OPEN a cursor variable FOR a multi-row query. Then, y
V ariables and Constants in PL/SQL The PL/SQL permits you to declare constants and variables, and then use them in SQL and procedural statements anywhere in the expression. Th
Explicitly specifying the join condition - SQL SELECT * FROM IS_CALLED JOIN IS_ENROLLED_ON ON ( IS_CALLED.StudentId = IS_ENROLLED_ON.StudentId ) Now, the key word JO
Packaging Cursors You can split a cursor specification from its body for placement in a package. In that way, you can change the cursor body without changing the cursor spec
Count Operator in SQL Example: Counting the students who have scored more than 50 in some exam (SELECT COUNT (*) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT StudentId FROM EXAM_MARK WHE
The Package Specification The package specifications contain the public declarations. The scopes of these declarations are local to your database representation and global to t
Using Aggregation on Nested Tables Example is the most direct translation of its counterpart in the theory book that can be obtained in SQL but it is so over-elaborate that no
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