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Order of EvaluationWhen you do not use the parentheses to specify the order of evaluation, the operator precedence determine the order. Now compare the expressions below:NOT (valid AND done) | NOT valid AND doneWhen the Boolean variables valid and complete the value FALSE, the first expression yields TRUE. Though, the second expression yields FALSE as NOT has a higher precedence than AND. So, the second expression is equivalent to:(NOT valid) AND doneIn the example below, notice that if valid has the value FALSE, the entire expression yields FALSE regardless of the value of done:valid AND doneSimilarly, in the next illustration, when valid has the value TRUE, the entire expression yields TRUE regardless of the value of done:valid OR done
Stored Subprograms Normally, tools (like Oracle Forms) which incorporate the PL/SQL engine can store subprograms locally for later, strictly local execution. Though, to become
Providing Results of Queries Expressing queries in SQL is the (big) subject. Here I present just a simple example to give you the flavour of things to come in those chapters.
Pl/SQL Expressions The Expressions are constructed by using the operands and operators. An operand is a constant, literal, variable, or function call which contributes a value
Updating by insertion Syntax : INSERT INTO ENROLMENT VALUES (SID ('S4'), 'Devinder', CID ('C1'));
Fetching from a Cursor Variable The FETCH statement retrieve rows one at a time from the product set of a multi-row query. The syntax for the same is as shown: FETCH {curso
CURRVAL and NEXTVAL The series is a schema object which generates the sequential numbers. Whenever you form a sequence, you can specify its primary value and an increment. T
IS NULL Operator The IS NULL operator returns the Boolean value TRUE whenever its operand is null or FALSE if it is not null. The comparisons including the nulls always yield NU
Advantages of Subprograms The Subprograms give extensibility; that is, tailor the PL/SQL language to suit your requirements. For illustration, if you require a procedure which
Transaction Control The Oracle is transaction oriented; that is, Oracle uses the transactions to make sure the data integrity. The transaction is a sequence of SQL data manip
Operators on Tables and Rows Row Extraction TUPLE FROM r, SQL has row subqueries. These are just like scalar subqueries except that they may specify more than one column.
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