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Operculum - Seed Appendages
The term operculum is applied to a plug-like structure formed in the micropylar portion of the seed by proliferation of cells at the tip of the inner integument or the nucellus. An operculum has been observed in seeds of many monocotyledonous families, such as the Commelinaceae, Musaceae, Lemnaceae and Zingiberaceae, and a few dicotyledonous families like Bignoniaceae and Nymphaeaceae.
In Lemna paucicostata, cells at the tip of the inner integument undergo a remarkable expansion after fertilization and form a dome-shaped, stopper- like operculum. Cells of the operculum are thick-walled and contain an orange-red substance. During germination of the embryo the operculum becomes detached from rest of the seed and facilitates emergence of the embryo.
a) Why is it significant that ions being transported across a cell membrane be shielded from the interior of the lipid bilayer? b) Why is photosynthesis referred to as
CARDIAC MUSCLES - The cardiac muscles are found in the wall of the heart and in the wall of large veins (e.g., pulmonary veins and superior vena cava) where these veins en
This method is used for the desalination of water i.e., for the removal of dissolved mineral salts, acids, alkalis and also the radioactive substances from the effluents. Electro d
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In the more highly developed animals, like humans this gas is used to regulate activity of the heart, blood vessels and respiratory system. WORKING MUSCLES PRODUCE A LARGE AMOUNT O
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Explain lyases These enzymes (code EC 4) cleave C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by elimination, forming double bonds or conversely adding groups to double bonds. Common names
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Define Cardiovascular endurance Component for physical fitness? In our previous section on work capacity, concepts of aerobic capacity Vo2 max were described. Cardiovascular en
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