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Operators on Tables and Rows
Row Extraction
TUPLE FROM r, SQL has row subqueries. These are just like scalar subqueries except that they may specify more than one column. For example, when appearing in a suitable context, the expression
(SELECT * FROM COURSE WHERE CourseId = CID ('C1'))
Yields the row denoted by
CAST (ROW ('C1', 'Database') AS
ROW (CourseId CID, Title VARCHAR (100)))
A row subquery whose table operand is empty yields a row in which every field is NULL.
Field Extraction: For extracting a field from a row, using dot qualification.
query to Find the account numbers of all customers whose balance is more than 10,000 $
Effects of NULL for UNIQUE Specification When a UNIQUE specification u for base table t includes a column c that is not subject to a NOT NULL constraint, the appearance of sev
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Use the NOCOPY Compiler Hint By default, the OUT and IN OUT parameters are passed by the value i.e. the value of an IN OUT actual parameter is copied into the corresponding fo
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Built-In Functions The PL/SQL provides a lot of powerful functions to help you to manipulate the data. These built-in functions fall into the categories as shown below: error r
UNION ALL - SQL Further varieties of UNION arise when we replace the key word DISTINCT by ALL in any of the foregoing examples, as in Example. ALL specifies that if row r appe
Autonomous versus Nested Transactions Though an autonomous transaction is started by the other transaction, it is not a nested transaction for the reasons shown below: (i)
Parameter and Keyword Description: procedure_name The user-defined procedure is declared by this construct. parameter_name: This identifies the formal parameter t
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