Operation of micro controller, Computer Engineering

Assignment Help:

Consider the hardware design as shown. Within the target system the EPROM would contain the hex data as shown below

  Address  Assembly code
  8000             86
  8001             fe
  8002             8b
  8003             01
.  .........
  FFFE             80
  FFFF             00
 
On power on the microprocessor issues a reset which causes the processor to go into an interrupt mode, because the interrupt is a reset, the microprocessor reads the two top bytes from memory i.e fffe and ffff. These are called the initial program counter RESET vectors. In this case the processor would then load in the 16 bit address 8000 and load this directly into the program counter (PC). This causes the processor to jump to address 8000 and start the actual program. The processor then reads the next byte from address 8000; this is 86 Hex and translates it to a load A instruction with immediate data where the data follows in the next byte. The PC is incremented by 1 i.e 8001 and fe in read in . This takes two cycles and termed the 'Fetch cycle'. The next stage is the microprocessor to perform the instruction i.e. transfer the data fe into A, this is termed the 'Execution cycle'. The whole cycle starts again, i.e. the PC is incremented to 8002 and the command 8b (ADDA) is fetched and interpreted as a ADDA, the PC in incremented to 8003 and the data is read in i.e. 1. The command is then executed and the next instruction read in at 8004 and so on. A day in the life of the micro controller is one of fetching and executing. The initial data in the EPROM at address fffe, ffff is termed the reset vector and is an reserved area of memory for the programmers (us) to place vector address i.e. start address of programs to deal with exceptions i.e.  Clock Fail, IRQ, Timer output, Serial communications etc.

The full vector table is shown  .Although we have not actually used the stack, the emulator which we use to debug hardware/software programs uses a small part of it , therefore it is important that we initialise the stack , therefore the full program for adding two numbers is shown below

                   Name     add
                   P6811
                  org $8000    ; Start address of program   
  main:       Lds #$1ff     ; Set SP to top of internal Ram
                 Ldaa  #$fe   
                 adda  #$1   
 loop0:      jmp loop0       ; loop forever
                 org $fffe
                 FDB main    ;Reset vectors
                END
The bold sections are termed assembler directives and are used to control the assembler; the simplest ones are ORG which stands for origin, i.e. start code at this address  , the P6811 indicates 68HC11 processor and END which tells the assembler to stop. FDB informs the assembler to insert a double byte i.e. 16 bits of the address labelled main i.e. 8000.


Related Discussions:- Operation of micro controller

Payment, how can get payment

how can get payment

Simple instruction formats, Simple instruction formats: RISC uses simpl...

Simple instruction formats: RISC uses simple instruction formats. Usually only one or a few instruction formats are used. In these machines instruction length is fixed and alig

What is delayed branching, What is delayed branching? A method called d...

What is delayed branching? A method called delayed branching can minimize the penalty incurred as a result of conditional branch instructions. The idea is easy. The instruction

What is ai backgammon, This part looks at Berliner's program, two backprop ...

This part looks at Berliner's program, two backprop versions by Tesauro and a temporal difference process by Tesauro. This latter program is VERY good quality and has found strateg

Constraint satisfaction problems, Constraint Satisfaction Problems: Fu...

Constraint Satisfaction Problems: Furthermore I was perhaps most proud of AI on a Sunday. However this particular Sunday, a friend of mine found an article in the Observer reg

A full binary tree with ''n'' non-leaf nodes, A full binary tree with 'n' n...

A full binary tree with 'n' non-leaf nodes have  2n+l nodes.

Build and explain a prototype model-uml, International Coal Coal-fire...

International Coal Coal-fired Power Generation Compared with other fossil fuels, burning coal produces relatively large amounts of atmospheric pollutants: carbon dioxide

Estimate the natural frequency and damping factor, On the Moodle site just ...

On the Moodle site just below the assignment you will find data from a slow sine sweep test conducted on a car on a "four-post" road simulator for the frequency range 0 to 20 Hz in

Goals - artificial intelligence, Goals - artificial intelligence: One ...

Goals - artificial intelligence: One desirable way to make perfect an agent's performance is to enable it to have some details of what it is trying to complete. If it is given

Neural network programming using matlab, I need the matlab basics for crea...

I need the matlab basics for creating and configuring a neural network with 2 hidden layers

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd