Operation of micro controller, Computer Engineering

Assignment Help:

Consider the hardware design as shown. Within the target system the EPROM would contain the hex data as shown below

  Address  Assembly code
  8000             86
  8001             fe
  8002             8b
  8003             01
.  .........
  FFFE             80
  FFFF             00
 
On power on the microprocessor issues a reset which causes the processor to go into an interrupt mode, because the interrupt is a reset, the microprocessor reads the two top bytes from memory i.e fffe and ffff. These are called the initial program counter RESET vectors. In this case the processor would then load in the 16 bit address 8000 and load this directly into the program counter (PC). This causes the processor to jump to address 8000 and start the actual program. The processor then reads the next byte from address 8000; this is 86 Hex and translates it to a load A instruction with immediate data where the data follows in the next byte. The PC is incremented by 1 i.e 8001 and fe in read in . This takes two cycles and termed the 'Fetch cycle'. The next stage is the microprocessor to perform the instruction i.e. transfer the data fe into A, this is termed the 'Execution cycle'. The whole cycle starts again, i.e. the PC is incremented to 8002 and the command 8b (ADDA) is fetched and interpreted as a ADDA, the PC in incremented to 8003 and the data is read in i.e. 1. The command is then executed and the next instruction read in at 8004 and so on. A day in the life of the micro controller is one of fetching and executing. The initial data in the EPROM at address fffe, ffff is termed the reset vector and is an reserved area of memory for the programmers (us) to place vector address i.e. start address of programs to deal with exceptions i.e.  Clock Fail, IRQ, Timer output, Serial communications etc.

The full vector table is shown  .Although we have not actually used the stack, the emulator which we use to debug hardware/software programs uses a small part of it , therefore it is important that we initialise the stack , therefore the full program for adding two numbers is shown below

                   Name     add
                   P6811
                  org $8000    ; Start address of program   
  main:       Lds #$1ff     ; Set SP to top of internal Ram
                 Ldaa  #$fe   
                 adda  #$1   
 loop0:      jmp loop0       ; loop forever
                 org $fffe
                 FDB main    ;Reset vectors
                END
The bold sections are termed assembler directives and are used to control the assembler; the simplest ones are ORG which stands for origin, i.e. start code at this address  , the P6811 indicates 68HC11 processor and END which tells the assembler to stop. FDB informs the assembler to insert a double byte i.e. 16 bits of the address labelled main i.e. 8000.


Related Discussions:- Operation of micro controller

Application and function areas - artificial intelligence, Application and F...

Application and Function Areas - artificial intelligence: Individual applications and function often drive "AI" research much more than the long term relative field described

What is perl, Perl is an interpreted language (not compiled, like Java) whi...

Perl is an interpreted language (not compiled, like Java) which is ideally suited for CGI programming. It has its roots in UNIX system administration and offers various features li

Define clock rate, Define clock rate? The clock rate is given by, R=1/P...

Define clock rate? The clock rate is given by, R=1/P, where P is the length of single clock cycle.

Define flash memory, Define Flash Memory. It is an approach same to EEP...

Define Flash Memory. It is an approach same to EEPROM technology. A flash cell is based on a one transistor controlled by trapped charge just like an EEPROM cell.

What is the main problem with segmentation, What is the main problem with s...

What is the main problem with segmentation? Problem with segmentation (i) Is with paging, such mapping needs two memory references per logical address that slows down the

Explain about the public key cryptography, Explain about the Public Key Cry...

Explain about the Public Key Cryptography. Public Key Cryptography: It is a cryptographic system which uses two keys as a public key identified to everyone and a private

the email interface to submit/change bugs via email, You can search an upd...

You can search an updated README.mailif file in the contrib/ directory of your Bugzilla distribution that walks you by the setup.

What decision has the highest expected value, The Prisoner's Dilemma is a w...

The Prisoner's Dilemma is a well-known problem in game theory. Two thieves are arrested and held in custody separately. The police offer each the same deal. Inform on your partn

How free-space is managed using bit vector implementation, How free-space i...

How free-space is managed using bit vector implementation? The free-space list is executed as a bit map or bit vector. Each block is shown by 1 bit. If the block is free, the b

Explain instruction stream and data stream, Instruction Stream and Data Str...

Instruction Stream and Data Stream The term 'stream' indicates to a series or flow of either instructions or data operated on by computer. In the entire cycle of instruction ex

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd