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When we download a movie from the Internet, we don't care about, say, packet sizes. However, even ifwe are not aware of howlow-level details of networks are implemented, our data is actually being sent as lots of small packets, some of which might be lost or arrive out of order. Therefore, it is important that the protocols we use guarantee that we won't have to deal with any of these problems. In other words, all we want is a simple interface that solves our problem; this interface for network programming will be provided by the operating system. Some of these abstractions are:
process-to-process communication
remote function calls
security
hosts have human-readable names
ordered, reliable communication
streams of bytes, instead of discrete packets
support for large messages
routing to ?nal destination
independence from the low-level network and hardware details
Describe the following allocation algorithms: a. First fit b. Best fit c. Worst fit a. First-fit: search the list of available memory and all
Q. What are the three main activities of an operating system in regard to secondary-storage management? Answer: 1) Free-space management 2) Storage allocation 3) Disk
The objects that a program can access directly are those objects which are referenced by local vari-ables on the processor stack, or by any global/static variables that refer to ob
Since each thread has its own processing space therefore communication between threads will need to be done through a common global variable. Since multiple threads can access the
What is thrashing? It is a method in virtual memory schemes when the processor spends most of its time swapping pages, rather than implementing instructions. This is because o
Q. Consider a file at present consisting of 100 blocks. Presume that the file control block (and the index block in the case of indexed allocation) is already in memory. Compute h
What do you mean by first fit? First fit allocates the first hole that is big sufficient .Searching can either start at the starting of the set of holes or where the previous f
Two Level Directory This kind of structure overcomes the problems of assigning unique names to the files. Thus there need not be any confusion among users. In this kind of s
(Add synchronization to your solutions to HW 3 to eliminate all of the race conditions. You should not remove any of the sleep() commands that you used to produce the race conditi
Synchronization serves two purposes: 1) to ensure safety for updates on shared data (e.g. to avoid races conditions), and 2) to coordinate and order actions taken by threads (e.g.
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