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When we download a movie from the Internet, we don't care about, say, packet sizes. However, even ifwe are not aware of howlow-level details of networks are implemented, our data is actually being sent as lots of small packets, some of which might be lost or arrive out of order. Therefore, it is important that the protocols we use guarantee that we won't have to deal with any of these problems. In other words, all we want is a simple interface that solves our problem; this interface for network programming will be provided by the operating system. Some of these abstractions are:
process-to-process communication
remote function calls
security
hosts have human-readable names
ordered, reliable communication
streams of bytes, instead of discrete packets
support for large messages
routing to ?nal destination
independence from the low-level network and hardware details
advantages and disadvantages
what is application software?
Question: (a) Answer the following questions based on the code snippet below. 1. int main (int argc, char *argv[]) 2. { 3. 4. pid_t processId; 5. 6. processId =
Modern networks are not implemented as a single piece of software; that would render the task of dealing with multiple technologies and manufacturers virtually impossible. The solu
What is preallocation? Why do it? Allocating space for a file before making the file to allow for expansion. This reserves space for a certain file so that other files can't gr
What are two differences among user-level threads and kernel-level threads? Under what circumstances is one type better than the other? (1) User-level threads are unknown by th
File allocation using I nodes. This method is used to decrease the size of the table in the above method. Every file will have an I-node list. Allow a file have 15 pointers a
The physical memory acts as a cache backed by the disk. When the physical memory is full, and we want to read in another page from disk, we have to evict a page from physical memor
Q. What is the major difficulty that a programmer should overcome in writing an operating system for a real-time environment? Answer: The major difficulty is keeping the oper
Q. Give the reasons why Windows XP, Solaris and Linux implement multiple locking mechanisms. Explain the circumstances under which they use mutexes, spinlocks, semaphores, adaptiv
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