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The term Operating System (OS) is often misused. It is common, for example, for people to speak of an OS when they are in fact referring to an OS and to a set of additional applications (e.g. on Windows, Notepad, Windows Explorer, etc). The traditional view of the area, however, de?nes an OS in a different way. The OS can be seen as the layer and interface that stands between the user-level applications and the hardware. Its main goal is to hide the complexity of the hardware from the applications. The important concept here is abstraction: an OS abstracts architectural details, giving programs the illusion of existing in a "homogeneous" environment. The OS effectively makes programs believe that they live in a reliable machine with large amounts of memory, a dedicated processor, and so on. It is also the OS's function to manage the computer's resources (e.g. the OS decides which process to runs when, for how long, etc).
Define System Call A system call is a request that is made by any program to the operating system for carrying out tasks - picked from a predefined set - which the said program
Q. Could you replicate a multilevel directory structure with a single-level directory structure in which arbitrarily long names can be used? If your answer is yes describe how you
Q. In some systems a subdirectory is able to be read and written by an authorized user just as ordinary files can be. a. Explain the protection problems that could arise. b.
Define caching. A cache is a region of fast memory that holds copies of data. Access to the cached copy is well-organized than access to the original. Caching and buffering are
Define approaches that require knowledge of the system state? Answer: Deadlock detection, Deadlock prevention, Deadlock Avoidance.
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Define swapping. A process requires being in memory to be executed. Though a process can be swapped temporarily out of memory to a backing store and then brought back into memo
Define the “Throughput” of a system Throughput is Number of programs processed by it per unit time
Basic concepts When a process is to be changed in, the pager guesses which pages will be used before the process is changed out again. Instead of swapping in a entire process,
Problem: (a) (i) Explain what a single system image is and how it is related to the concept of a distributed operating system? (ii) What are the main differences between a
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