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OPEN STATEMENT:
Whenever a READ or a WRITE operation is executed on a file, then it should be open. The opening of a file may be completed with the help of the OPEN verb. With the OPEN verb it should be also indicated whether the file must be opened as an input file or output file. If it is an input file, only the reading is possible, while in the case of an output file, only writing is possible. The file once opened remains open until it is closed by the CLOSE statement. The OPEN statement in its easiest form is as shown below:
ACCEPT STATEMENT: The ACCEPT statement is used to read the low-volume data from the operator's console, several other hardware device or from the operating system. The common
RESERVE clause: This clause indicates the number of buffers to be used for the file. Integer-1 specifies this number. ORGANIZATION/ACCESS clause: These two clause
PROCEDURE DIVISION statements for the indexed files: All the statements which are available for a relative file are also available for an indexed file. READ STTATEMENT :
Example of Perform statement: PERFORM BEGIN-CALCULATION THRU END-CALCULATION. Assume, BEGIN-CALCULATION and END-CALCULTION is paragraph names. The execution of the PERFORM
Format for COBOL Programs: The COBOL is a high-level language. Therefore, a COBOL program can be executed on a computer for which a COBOL compiler exists. The compiler transla
RULES OF REDEFINES CLAUSE The rules shown below govern the use of the REDEFINES clause: (i) The level-number of data-name-1 and data-name-2 should be identical. (ii) Exce
WRITE Statement: The WRITE statement for a relative file has the format which is as shown below. WRITE record-name [ FORM identifier ]
File Description for the Relative and Indexed Files: The FD entry for a relative or an indexed file is similar to that of a sequential file. Some compilers do not permit varia
Numeric - Literals : The numeric literal can be created with the help of digits only. It can have a sign (+ or -) and can also have a decimal point. If no sign is specifi
PROGRAM FOR PERFORM - THRU: We have to write a program to elaborate PERFORM ...THRU statement Identification division. Program- id. Perfthru. Environment division.
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