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OPEN STATEMENT:
Whenever a READ or a WRITE operation is executed on a file, then it should be open. The opening of a file may be completed with the help of the OPEN verb. With the OPEN verb it should be also indicated whether the file must be opened as an input file or output file. If it is an input file, only the reading is possible, while in the case of an output file, only writing is possible. The file once opened remains open until it is closed by the CLOSE statement. The OPEN statement in its easiest form is as shown below:
BLOCK CONTAINS CLAUSE: Integer -1 of the BLOCK CONTAINS clause indicates the block size either in terms of records or in terms of characters. For illustration, BLOCK CONTAINS
PROGRAM FOR CONDITION NAMES: We have to write a simple program to demonstrate Condition names usage. identification division. program- id. environment division.
MULTIPLY VERB: The Multiply Verb causes one or more multiplicands to be multiplied by the multiplier and to store the products. The form of the MULTIPLY verb is as shown be
Example of read statement: Illustration: READ OLD-MASTER AT END MOVE ZERO TO END-OF-RECORDS. As a result of this statement, generally the next record from the OLD-MAST
MERGE VERB WITH OUTPUT PROCEDURE: Like the sort verb, the merge verb can also have an output procedure. The syntax of the MERGE verb is as shown below: The r
Example of Move corresponding: Consider the DATA DIVISION entries shown below. Suppose it is needed that the data stored in the 4 fields of the PAY_REC should be
RULES FOR INDEXED TABLES: The rules of indexing a table with an INDEXED phrase are as shown below: (1) If indexing is completed for any one level of a table, then indexing
Data Names and Identifiers: The Data name provides reference to the storage space in the memory where the real value is stored. This value takes part in the operation whene
COMPOUND CONDITION: The two simple conditions can be connected by the logical operators AND or OR to form a compound condition (also termed as combined condition). When two co
Picture Clause: The picture clause explains the general characteristics of an elementary data item. These characteristics are elaborated below: Class: In COBOL the
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