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OPEN STATEMENT:
Whenever a READ or a WRITE operation is executed on a file, then it should be open. The opening of a file may be completed with the help of the OPEN verb. With the OPEN verb it should be also indicated whether the file must be opened as an input file or output file. If it is an input file, only the reading is possible, while in the case of an output file, only writing is possible. The file once opened remains open until it is closed by the CLOSE statement. The OPEN statement in its easiest form is as shown below:
There are some restrictions when these procedures are used. (i) The Procedure should not contain any SORT/MERGE statement. (ii) An explicit transfer of the control outside
Example of If- else statement Illustration: IF QUANTITY IS NUMERIC AND QUANTITY IS POSITIVE MOVE ZERO TO ERROR-CODE. COMPUTE SALES VALUE=QUANTITY*RATE
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION: This section holds information regarding the files to be used in the program. There are 2 paragraphs in this section- FILE-CONTROL & I-O-CONTROL. The
Record Description for the Variable-length Records: When the variable- length records consists of records of various lengths, each record type is to be explained at level 01 f
Label Records / Disk Directory: The most important information stored in the header label is what is termed as the file title. In the situation of magnetic-disk files the labe
Illustration of Subtract verb: (a) SUBTRACT A FROM B. This illustration means that the value of A will be subtracted from the value of B and the subtracted result will be s
PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE SORT VERB: The file for which a record having 2 fields, viz., Account Number and Name is already available. Sort the file based on the ascending order o
Example of read statement: Illustration: READ OLD-MASTER AT END MOVE ZERO TO END-OF-RECORDS. As a result of this statement, generally the next record from the OLD-MAST
Data Names and Identifiers: The Data name provides reference to the storage space in the memory where the real value is stored. This value takes part in the operation whene
Picture Clause: The picture clause explains the general characteristics of an elementary data item. These characteristics are elaborated below: Class: In COBOL the
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