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OPEN STATEMENT:
Whenever a READ or a WRITE operation is executed on a file, then it should be open. The opening of a file may be completed with the help of the OPEN verb. With the OPEN verb it should be also indicated whether the file must be opened as an input file or output file. If it is an input file, only the reading is possible, while in the case of an output file, only writing is possible. The file once opened remains open until it is closed by the CLOSE statement. The OPEN statement in its easiest form is as shown below:
Example of Accept statement: For illustration, ACCEPT FLAG-A can be specified to read the value of the FLAG_A from the console. It may be keep in mind that no file definition
CLASS CONDITION: The class condition establishes whether or not the value of the operand is numeric or alphabetic. The operand is numeric if it contains only the digits 0 t
DATA RECORD CLAUSE: The DATA RECORD clause, documents the record names defined for the file. For illustration, DATA RECORDS ARE REC-1, REC-2, REC-3 that means there are 3diffe
REDEFINES CLAUSE: At times it may be found that two or more storage regions defined in the DATA DIVISION are not in use concurrently. In such situations only one storage regio
ADD and SUBTRACT CORRESPONDING: The CORRESPONDING option can also used with the ADD and SUBTRACT verbs. The following are some of the formats of these verbs with the CORRESPON
RULES FOR SEARCH VERB: The rules apply for the SEARCH verb is as shown below: (1) The SEARCH verb can be applied only to a table that has the OCCURS clause and INDEXED phra
START STATEMENT: The START statement places the files to the initial logical record whose record key satisfies the condition specified by the KEY phrase. The access mode shoul
Example of add verb: (a) ADD A TO B. This illustration represents that the value of A will be added to the value of B and the result will be stored in B. The alignment of
Column and Field in COBOL program: In COBOL there are 2 types of entries termed as margin A and margin B entries. The Margin A entries start from the column 8, 9, 10 or 11 and
MULTI-DIMENSIONAL TABLES: The type of table which has been considered above is known as one-dimensional table. Whenever a table is such that each of its elements in turn is a
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