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OPEN STATEMENT:
Whenever a READ or a WRITE operation is executed on a file, then it should be open. The opening of a file may be completed with the help of the OPEN verb. With the OPEN verb it should be also indicated whether the file must be opened as an input file or output file. If it is an input file, only the reading is possible, while in the case of an output file, only writing is possible. The file once opened remains open until it is closed by the CLOSE statement. The OPEN statement in its easiest form is as shown below:
Common form of the READ statements: Format 1 is the common form of the READ statements. Format 2 is used when the access mode is either random or dynamic. For illustration,
Example of add verb: (a) ADD A TO B. This illustration represents that the value of A will be added to the value of B and the result will be stored in B. The alignment of
Concept of a two-dimensional table: Concept of a two-dimensional table can be easily extended to tables having three or more dimensions. The Handling of tables up to three dim
Rules for constructing an Arithmetic Expression: The rules for constructing an arithmetic expression are as shown below: (i) When an arithmetic expression specifies a calcu
Example of Special-names: Consider the illustration: Let the SPECIAL-NAMES paragraph be as shown: SPECIAL-NAMES. CHANNEL 1 IS PAGE-TOP. The Channel is related with the t
RULES OF MOVE VERB: The Data movement is managed by the rules which are as shown below: (a) The contents of the identifier - 1 or the value of the literal - 1 is moved to
Structure of a COBOL Program: Every COBOL program should have the 4 divisions in the order in which they are specified below: 1. Identification division 2. Environment D
BLOCK CONTAINS CLAUSE: Integer -1 of the BLOCK CONTAINS clause indicates the block size either in terms of records or in terms of characters. For illustration, BLOCK CONTAINS
B (Blank Insertion) : The occurrence of a B anyplace in the picture will insert a space character in the edited data. There can be more than one B in the picture. Examples:
DIVIDE VERB: The aim of the DIVIDE verb is to divide one number by the other and to store the result. There are few forms of this verb. One of its forms is as shown below:
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