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OPEN STATEMENT:
Whenever a READ or a WRITE operation is executed on a file, then it should be open. The opening of a file may be completed with the help of the OPEN verb. With the OPEN verb it should be also indicated whether the file must be opened as an input file or output file. If it is an input file, only the reading is possible, while in the case of an output file, only writing is possible. The file once opened remains open until it is closed by the CLOSE statement. The OPEN statement in its easiest form is as shown below:
CLASS CONDITION: The class condition establishes whether or not the value of the operand is numeric or alphabetic. The operand is numeric if it contains only the digits 0 t
PROCEDURE DIVISION statements for the relative files: The statements OPEN, CLOSE, READ, WRITE and REWRITE that are available for sequential files are also available for the re
REWRITE STATEMENT: The REWRITE statement has the format for a relative file as shown below, REWRITE record-name [ FORM identifier ]
scope of marginal costing
File Description for the Relative and Indexed Files: The FD entry for a relative or an indexed file is similar to that of a sequential file. Some compilers do not permit varia
GIVING file-name-5. The input files to be merged through the MERGE statements which are specified in the USING phrase. These files should be sequential files and should be
RELATIVE FILES: The Files that are stored on a direct access storage medium like magnetic disk are frequently known as direct access files. The COBOL supports three different
PROGRAM USING OCCURS CLAUSE: We have to write a simple program to demonstrate Occurs Clause. Get the employee details for 3 persons and compute the total salary. identifica
PERFORM STATEMENT: The PERFORM statement can be used to execute the group of consecutive statements written elsewhere in the program. We refer to this group of statements a
RULES OF MOVE VERB: The Data movement is managed by the rules which are as shown below: (a) The contents of the identifier - 1 or the value of the literal - 1 is moved to
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