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OPEN STATEMENT:
Whenever a READ or a WRITE operation is executed on a file, then it should be open. The opening of a file may be completed with the help of the OPEN verb. With the OPEN verb it should be also indicated whether the file must be opened as an input file or output file. If it is an input file, only the reading is possible, while in the case of an output file, only writing is possible. The file once opened remains open until it is closed by the CLOSE statement. The OPEN statement in its easiest form is as shown below:
PROGRAM FOR SCREEN SECTION WITH FILES: identification division. program- id. environment division. input-output section. file-control. select
Rules for apply for the condition name: The rules below apply for the condition name. (i) The Condition names should be explained at level 88. The level number starts in ma
MULTI-DIMENSIONAL TABLES: The type of table which has been considered above is known as one-dimensional table. Whenever a table is such that each of its elements in turn is a
OCCURS - INDEXED BY PROGRAM: identification division. program- id. searching. environment division. data division. working-storage section. 01 table1. 0
PERFORM WITH TIMES OPTION: The format of a PERFORM TIMES statement is as shown below: Illustration: A) Perform the para-2 5 times. In this situation the specifie
THE SIMPLE SORT VERB: The process of sequencing the records in some preferred manner is termed as sorting. The Sorting is done upon some key data item in the record. For illus
VALUE CLAUSE: The value clause defines the preliminary value of the data item. Normally initialization will be completed just before the first statement in the procedure di
CLASS CONDITION: The class condition establishes whether or not the value of the operand is numeric or alphabetic. The operand is numeric if it contains only the digits 0 t
Example of Level numbers - cobol programming: To explain the hierarchical structure introduced above, the concept of the level number is employed in COBOL. The most broad
Data Names and Identifiers: The Data name provides reference to the storage space in the memory where the real value is stored. This value takes part in the operation whene
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