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OPEN STATEMENT:
Whenever a READ or a WRITE operation is executed on a file, then it should be open. The opening of a file may be completed with the help of the OPEN verb. With the OPEN verb it should be also indicated whether the file must be opened as an input file or output file. If it is an input file, only the reading is possible, while in the case of an output file, only writing is possible. The file once opened remains open until it is closed by the CLOSE statement. The OPEN statement in its easiest form is as shown below:
VALUE CLAUSE: The value clause defines the preliminary value of the data item. Normally initialization will be completed just before the first statement in the procedure di
FILE-CONTROL: The FILE-CONTROL paragraph names each and every file and identifies the first medium through file control entries. The basic format of a file control entry is gi
Illustration of Subtract verb: (a) SUBTRACT A FROM B. This illustration means that the value of A will be subtracted from the value of B and the subtracted result will be s
REWRITE STATEMENT: As in the situation of a relative file, the REWRITE statement needs that the file should be opened in the I-O mode, and if the SEQENTIAL access mode is spec
PROGRAM FOR IF -ELSE: We have to write a program to check whether the given number is ODD or EVEN. You can use IF..ELSE. Identification division. Program- id. IfElse.
PROGRAM USING OCCURS CLAUSE: We have to write a simple program to demonstrate Occurs Clause. Get the employee details for 3 persons and compute the total salary. identifica
File Activity: The file activity is a measure of the proportion of records processed during an update run. Therefore we define the activity ration as shown below. Activi
Numeric - Literals : The numeric literal can be created with the help of digits only. It can have a sign (+ or -) and can also have a decimal point. If no sign is specifi
READ STATEMENTS: The common format for the read statements is as shown bellow. Format 1: READ file-name RECORD [ INTO identifier ] [ ; AT END imperative-s
scope of marginal costing
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