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OPEN STATEMENT:
Whenever a READ or a WRITE operation is executed on a file, then it should be open. The opening of a file may be completed with the help of the OPEN verb. With the OPEN verb it should be also indicated whether the file must be opened as an input file or output file. If it is an input file, only the reading is possible, while in the case of an output file, only writing is possible. The file once opened remains open until it is closed by the CLOSE statement. The OPEN statement in its easiest form is as shown below:
Group Item as Operand in the Relational Condition: Whenever an operand of a relational condition is the group item, the item is then considered to be an alphanumeric field. Th
PROGRAM FOR IF -ELSE: We have to write a program to check whether the given number is ODD or EVEN. You can use IF..ELSE. Identification division. Program- id. IfElse.
PROCEDURE DIVISION statements for the relative files: The statements OPEN, CLOSE, READ, WRITE and REWRITE that are available for sequential files are also available for the re
program
Picture Clause: The picture clause explains the general characteristics of an elementary data item. These characteristics are elaborated below: Class: In COBOL the
CONDITIONS-NAME CONDITION: The condition name is an entity which itself is a condition and these can have either a true or false value. Though, a condition name cannot be d
.(Period or Decimal Point) : The period may be used to insert a decimal point and may not come into view more than once. Both the period and V cannot appear in similar picture
Example of If- else statement Illustration: IF QUANTITY IS NUMERIC AND QUANTITY IS POSITIVE MOVE ZERO TO ERROR-CODE. COMPUTE SALES VALUE=QUANTITY*RATE
Common form of the READ statements: Format 1 is the common form of the READ statements. Format 2 is used when the access mode is either random or dynamic. For illustration,
Data Division: The Data Division is a part of the COBOL program where every data item processed by the program is described. It is very important to note that unless a data
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