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OPEN STATEMENT:
Whenever a READ or a WRITE operation is executed on a file, then it should be open. The opening of a file may be completed with the help of the OPEN verb. With the OPEN verb it should be also indicated whether the file must be opened as an input file or output file. If it is an input file, only the reading is possible, while in the case of an output file, only writing is possible. The file once opened remains open until it is closed by the CLOSE statement. The OPEN statement in its easiest form is as shown below:
ADD VERB: The ADD Verb can be used to find the sum of two or more numbers and to store the sum. The ADD verb takes any one of the two forms as shown below:
FILE DESCRIPTION- FIXED-LENGTH RECORDS: The normal characteristics of a file are explained in the file description (FD) entry of the DATA DIVISION.
RULES OF MOVE VERB: The Data movement is managed by the rules which are as shown below: (a) The contents of the identifier - 1 or the value of the literal - 1 is moved to
There are some restrictions when these procedures are used. (i) The Procedure should not contain any SORT/MERGE statement. (ii) An explicit transfer of the control outside
Plus Sign - edit characters for numeric data: + (Plus Sign) : A plus sign is alike to minus sign except that when the item is positive, +sign will be inserted rather th
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION: This section holds information regarding the files to be used in the program. There are 2 paragraphs in this section- FILE-CONTROL & I-O-CONTROL. The
we have input file ,record layout is EMP ID (6 char) , EMP NAME (20 char), Designation (3 char),Salary (5 digit) Base Branch (10char) Grade (3 Alphanumeric). This is the input file
CONDITION - COBOL Programming: The condition is an entity which at one point of time can have only one of the two values - true or false. As we already know that, the IF verb
Minus sign - edit characters for numeric data: The minus sign can appear either at the leftmost or rightmost location of the picture. If an item is negative, a minus sign will
Example of Class condition: Let the BASIC-PAY be a data name in the card record defined with picture 9(5) V99. By reading the card we can test the value of the BASIC-PAY to ma
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