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Objectives
After reading this part, you should be able to:
Explain the Concept of Two-phase Locking It concerns the positions of locking and unlocking operations in each transaction. In this protocol every transaction issue lock and u
Indexed (Indexed Sequential) File Organisation It organises the file like a big dictionary, i.e., records are kept in order of the key but an index is stored which also allows
Explain Candidate Key and Super Key A super key is a set of one or more than attributes that, taken collectively, permits us to identify uniquely a tuple in the relation. Wher
read-set(T) : Each data items that are read by a transaction T Timestamps : for all transaction T, the start-time and the end time are reserved for all the three phases.
Server Control It is usual to control access to the data via the front end application, for example by displaying data as ‘read only'. This part of the assignment illustrates ho
Define the terms 1) physical schema 2) logical schema. Physical schema: The physical schema explains the database design at the physical level, which is the lowest level of abs
Describe the types of attributes? Types of attributes: An attribute's category determines the type of values that are permitted in the attribute. For instance, the value vers
Physical Records These are the records that are stored in the secondary storage devices. For the database relation, physical records are the group of fields kept in adjacent me
What is completeness constraint on generalization? Define the variation between total and partial design constraint. Give an example each. Ans: Completeness Constraints
A Data Model in software engineering is an abstract model that organizes and documents the business data for interaction between team members and is used as a plan for creating
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