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Use Object Types and Collections
The Collection types and object types increase your efficiency by allowing for the realistic data modeling. The Complex real-world entities and relationships map directly into the object types. A well-constructed object model can improve the application performance by eliminating the table joins, decreasing the round trips, and the same.
The Client programs, involving the PL/SQL programs, can declare the objects and collections, and pass them as parameters, store them in the database, recover them, and so on. Also, by encapsulating the operations with data, the object types move data-maintenance code out of the SQL scripts and PL/SQL blocks into methods.
The Objects and collections are well-organized to store and retrieve as they can be manipulated as an entire. The object support is also integrated architecturally with the database; therefore it can take benefit of the many scalability and performance improvements built into Oracle8i.
Parameter SELF in pl/sql The MEMBER methods recognize a built-in parameter named SELF that is an instance of the object type. Whether declared explicitly or implicitly, it is
Literals A literal is an explicit numeric, string, character, or Boolean value not represented by an identifier. Numeric literal 147 and the Boolean literal FALSE are some of
Exceptions An exception is the runtime error or warning condition that can be predefined or user-defined. The Predefined exceptions are raised implicitly through runtime system
Consider the schema for FreeChecking Bank, that we designed given below. Translate the given ER schema into SQL CREATE TABLE statements (indicating primary key, unique and foreign
SQL Operators The PL/SQL uses all the SQL set, comparison, and row operators in the SQL statements. This part briefly describes some of these operators. 1. Comparison Opera
Cursor FOR Loops In most cases that need an explicit cursor, you can simplify the coding by using a cursor FOR loop rather of the OPEN, FETCH, and CLOSE statements. A cursor FO
Transaction Control The Oracle is transaction oriented; that is, Oracle uses the transactions to make sure the data integrity. The transaction is a sequence of SQL data manip
First Step at defining type SID in SQL CREATE TYPE SID AS ( C VARCHAR(5) ) ; Explanation: TYPE SID announces that a type named SID is being defined to the syst
How Exceptions Propagate ? Whenever an exception is raised, and if the PL/SQL cannot find a handler for it in the present subprogram or block, the exception propagates. That is
Relational Operators The relational operators permit you to compare randomly complex expressions. The list below provides the meaning of each operator:
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