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Use Object Types and Collections
The Collection types and object types increase your efficiency by allowing for the realistic data modeling. The Complex real-world entities and relationships map directly into the object types. A well-constructed object model can improve the application performance by eliminating the table joins, decreasing the round trips, and the same.
The Client programs, involving the PL/SQL programs, can declare the objects and collections, and pass them as parameters, store them in the database, recover them, and so on. Also, by encapsulating the operations with data, the object types move data-maintenance code out of the SQL scripts and PL/SQL blocks into methods.
The Objects and collections are well-organized to store and retrieve as they can be manipulated as an entire. The object support is also integrated architecturally with the database; therefore it can take benefit of the many scalability and performance improvements built into Oracle8i.
Advantages of Exceptions Using the exceptions for the error handling has many benefits. Without an exception handling, every time you issue a command, you should ensure for th
Existential Quantification - SQL Existential quantification-stating that something is true of at least one object under consideration-can be expressed by OR(r,c), meaning tha
Data Types in SQL SQL's concept does not differ significantly from that defined in the theory book, apart from that business concerning NULL. However, the theory book equates
Second Step at defining type SID in SQL CREATE TYPE SID AS VARCHAR(5) ; Explanation: TYPE SID announces that a type named SID is being defined to the system.
Block Structure The PL/SQL is a block-structured language. That is, the fundamental units (procedures, anonymous blocks, and functions) that make up a PL/SQL program are logi
Cause of Indeterminacy in SQL One root cause of indeterminacy in SQL lies in its implementation of comparison for equality. For certain system-defined types it is possible for
Operators on Tables and Rows Row Extraction TUPLE FROM r, SQL has row subqueries. These are just like scalar subqueries except that they may specify more than one column.
Using Cursor Attributes: Every cursor has 4 attributes: %NOTFOUND, %FOUND, %ISOPEN, and %ROWCOUNT. If appended to the cursor name, they return the helpful information about
Example of DELETE - SQL As with UPDATE, a FOR PORTION OF clause can be specified if the target table has a defined period name, as illustrated in Example. Example: Deleting
Question: (a) In the context of database security explain how the following database features help to enforce security in the database system: (i) Authorisation (ii) Access
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