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Nuclear transfer method: Nuclear transfer will extend the range of species in which gene targeting will be possible and thereby provide better models to test treatments for human diseases. The production of Dolly followed by subsequent confirmation in cow and mice successfully established a cloning technology, which have opened the new horizons of application of nuclear transfer technique in production of transgenic animals. Current available technique of pronuclear microinjection of a DNA expression cassette is inefficient and expression levels are unpredictable. Nuclear transfer (cloning) offers an appealing alternative. Hence, one could perform gene targeting in cell lines that is able to donate its nuclei to recipient oocytes. This would allow selection of the most productive cell line showing high expression for conversion into highly productive animals, and all animals will be transgenic. For example, the time from microinjection to a milk producing flock is 3.5 years, if the founder is female, and 2.5 years, if it is male. With somatic cloning this time can be reduced to 1.5 years. This saving of time will be greater with cow. Production of transgenic founder animals by nuclear transfer also uses less than half the number of experimental animals than a pronuclear injection.
What are plasmids? The Plasmids are circular DNA molecules present in the genetic material of some bacteria. They may perhaps contain genes responsible for bacterial resistance
Solitary and Colonial Forms Animals may lead their lives either like individuals or in groups. While they exist as individuals, they are termed as solitary, but if they live i
Eubiont The origin of true life , eubiont from a pmtobiont involves the acquisition of three major features: 1) assembly of phospholipids and proteins into a cell membrane f
Determine the Role as antioxidant? Some carotenoids, in addition to serving as a source of vitamin A, have been shown lo function as antioxidants. Studies show that lycopene. (
Q. Nutritional management for constipation? Calories, proteins, carbohydrates and fat the requirements would be the same as the RDA for a particular age, sex, occupation of t
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Autotomy and Regeneration Shedding of body parts in self-defense to avert the attention of the predator-enemy or in any other emergency is a type of autotomy (auto: self, tom
What is autophagic intracellular digestion? Why is this type of intracellular digestion intensified in an organism undergoing starvation? Autophagic intracellular digestion is
Write a short note on muscular system? The muscular system provides mobility and support to the body. There are three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Th
Properties of pyridoxine a) It forms white, odourless crystals. b) The compound is readily soluble in water. c) When a neutral or alkaline solution of pyridoxine is
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