Normal distribution, Advanced Statistics

Assignment Help:

Your first task is to realize two additional data generation functions. Firstly, extend the system to generate random integral numbers based on normal distribution. You need to study Data Generator's structure and extend number generation type to activate normal distribution. The interface needs to obtain both mean and sigma as shown in Figure 1. Consider the code found here which is reproduced below for your convenience:
function gauss() {
// N(0,1)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=0
// std dev=1

// auxiliary vars
$x=random_0_1();
$y=random_0_1();
// two independent variables with normal distribution N(0,1)
$u=sqrt(-2*log($x))*cos(2*pi()*$y);
$v=sqrt(-2*log($x))*sin(2*pi()*$y);
// i will return only one, couse only one needed
return $u;
}
function gauss_ms($m=0.0,$s=1.0) {
// N(m,s)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=m
// std dev=s
return gauss()*$s+$m;
}
function random_0_1() {
// auxiliary function
// returns random number with flat distribution from 0 to 1
return (float)rand()/(float)getrandmax();
}
Notice that the return value of the above code is a floating value. You can round it to nearest integer by adding a "rounding option" to the interface.

773_normal distribution.png

Figure: Functions added to Data Generator

Next, realize one form of skewed distribution that approximates Pareto Principle. Consider a skewed access pattern often evidenced in data applications such that s percent of accesses would go to (100 - s) percent of data items. For instance, a typical "80-20 rule" for 1000 accesses over 500 data items means that about 800 accesses (80% of accesses) go to a specific set of about 100 items (20% of data items). In our case, data generation should be based on independent repeated trials, not as all trials once in a batch. Therefore, implementing strict Pareto Principle is difficult. Instead, we can approximate access pattern generation by the following method:

• skew generation function receives a range r and a skew factor s as parameter, both of which are integers and r must be larger 1 while s must be between 50 and 100.

• data elements are considered to have unique IDs in the range [1, r], in which elements are listed in an increasing order of IDs such as 1, 2, 3, ..., r.

• skew generation function produces an integer value between 1 and r representing a data access in the following manner:

1. skewed access will go to the top portion of the elements, that is, those between 1 and t = r × (100 - s) / 100.

2. draw a random number p from uniform distribution between 0 and 99.

3. if p falls in less than s, i.e., [0, s - 1], the top portion of elements [1, t] is accessed.

4. otherwise the access goes to [t + 1, r].

Above illustration should be sufficient to provide you with the concrete requirement for the two frequently utilized data generation. Figure 1 and 2 shows interface and sample output respectively. In these figures, rounding to integer is applied automatically. A checkbox should be added to the interface so that users can choose whether values generated are rounded or not. Notice that this development is not from scratch, but is "reverse engineering" of already developed product. Addition of the above functions to Data Generator is easily done. You should look into the contents of docs/data_types.php.

2439_normal distribution1.png

Figure: Generated data example


Related Discussions:- Normal distribution

Explain interim analyses, Interim analyses : An analysis made before the pl...

Interim analyses : An analysis made before the planned end of a clinical trial, typically with the aim of detecting the treatment differences at the early stage and thus preventing

Data monitoring committees (dmc), Committees to monitor the accumulating da...

Committees to monitor the accumulating data from the clinical trials. Such committees have chief responsibilities for ensuring the continuing safety of the trial participants, rele

Regression analysis, The regression analysis is used to fit a model descr...

The regression analysis is used to fit a model describing the relationship of a dependent variable with independent variable(s). Here we have fitted three regression models:

Bimodal distribution, Bimodal distribution : The probability distribution, ...

Bimodal distribution : The probability distribution, or we can simply say the frequency distribution, with two modes. Figure 15 shows the example of each of them

Negative binomial distribution, Negative binomial distribution is the prob...

Negative binomial distribution is the probability distribution of number of failures, X, before the kth success in the sequence of Bernoulli trials where the probability of succes

Double sampling, The procedure in which initially the sample of subjects is...

The procedure in which initially the sample of subjects is selected for generating the auxillary information only, and then the second sample is selected in which the variable of i

Fractional factorial design, Designs in which the information on main effec...

Designs in which the information on main effects and low-order inter- actions are attained by running only the fraction of the complete factorial experiment and supposing that part

Distance sampling, The technique of sampling used in the ecology for determ...

The technique of sampling used in the ecology for determining how much plants or animals are in a given fixed region. A set of randomly placed lines or points is recognized and the

Explain longitudinal data, Longitudinal data : The data arising when each o...

Longitudinal data : The data arising when each of the number of subjects or patients give rise to the vector of measurements representing same variable observed at the number of di

Bioassay, Bioassay : It is an abbreviation of biological assay, which in it...

Bioassay : It is an abbreviation of biological assay, which in its classical form includes an experiment conducted on biological material to determine relative potency of test and

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd