Normal distribution, Advanced Statistics

Assignment Help:

Your first task is to realize two additional data generation functions. Firstly, extend the system to generate random integral numbers based on normal distribution. You need to study Data Generator's structure and extend number generation type to activate normal distribution. The interface needs to obtain both mean and sigma as shown in Figure 1. Consider the code found here which is reproduced below for your convenience:
function gauss() {
// N(0,1)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=0
// std dev=1

// auxiliary vars
$x=random_0_1();
$y=random_0_1();
// two independent variables with normal distribution N(0,1)
$u=sqrt(-2*log($x))*cos(2*pi()*$y);
$v=sqrt(-2*log($x))*sin(2*pi()*$y);
// i will return only one, couse only one needed
return $u;
}
function gauss_ms($m=0.0,$s=1.0) {
// N(m,s)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=m
// std dev=s
return gauss()*$s+$m;
}
function random_0_1() {
// auxiliary function
// returns random number with flat distribution from 0 to 1
return (float)rand()/(float)getrandmax();
}
Notice that the return value of the above code is a floating value. You can round it to nearest integer by adding a "rounding option" to the interface.

773_normal distribution.png

Figure: Functions added to Data Generator

Next, realize one form of skewed distribution that approximates Pareto Principle. Consider a skewed access pattern often evidenced in data applications such that s percent of accesses would go to (100 - s) percent of data items. For instance, a typical "80-20 rule" for 1000 accesses over 500 data items means that about 800 accesses (80% of accesses) go to a specific set of about 100 items (20% of data items). In our case, data generation should be based on independent repeated trials, not as all trials once in a batch. Therefore, implementing strict Pareto Principle is difficult. Instead, we can approximate access pattern generation by the following method:

• skew generation function receives a range r and a skew factor s as parameter, both of which are integers and r must be larger 1 while s must be between 50 and 100.

• data elements are considered to have unique IDs in the range [1, r], in which elements are listed in an increasing order of IDs such as 1, 2, 3, ..., r.

• skew generation function produces an integer value between 1 and r representing a data access in the following manner:

1. skewed access will go to the top portion of the elements, that is, those between 1 and t = r × (100 - s) / 100.

2. draw a random number p from uniform distribution between 0 and 99.

3. if p falls in less than s, i.e., [0, s - 1], the top portion of elements [1, t] is accessed.

4. otherwise the access goes to [t + 1, r].

Above illustration should be sufficient to provide you with the concrete requirement for the two frequently utilized data generation. Figure 1 and 2 shows interface and sample output respectively. In these figures, rounding to integer is applied automatically. A checkbox should be added to the interface so that users can choose whether values generated are rounded or not. Notice that this development is not from scratch, but is "reverse engineering" of already developed product. Addition of the above functions to Data Generator is easily done. You should look into the contents of docs/data_types.php.

2439_normal distribution1.png

Figure: Generated data example


Related Discussions:- Normal distribution

Scatter plots, The scatter plot of SRES1 versus totexp demonstrates that th...

The scatter plot of SRES1 versus totexp demonstrates that there is non-linear relationship that exists as most of the points are below and above zero. The scatter plot show that th

Huffman coding based compression, Huffman code is used to compress data fil...

Huffman code is used to compress data file, where the data is represented as a sequence of characters. Huffman's greedy algorithm uses a table giving how often each character occur

Explain normal approximation, Normal approximation : Normal distributions w...

Normal approximation : Normal distributions which approximate other distributions; such as, a normal distribution with the mean np and variance np(1 - p) which acts as an approxima

Baddeley''smetric, Baddeley'smetric : A manner of measuring the 'error' in ...

Baddeley'smetric : A manner of measuring the 'error' in the image processing technique or method. The metric is derived using the fundamental theory from the stochastic geometry an

Sampling issue, Dear Experts, Please note that I''m doing a PhD in Busines...

Dear Experts, Please note that I''m doing a PhD in Business management under the title: Technology transfer and competitive advantage in Qatar oil and gas companies. It is a quant

Mean-range plot, Mean-range plot   is the graphical tool or device usefu...

Mean-range plot   is the graphical tool or device useful in selecting a transformation in the time series analysis. The range is plotted against the mean for each of the seasona

Log-linear models, Log-linear models is the models for count data in which...

Log-linear models is the models for count data in which the logarithm of expected value of a count variable is modelled as the linear function of parameters; the latter represent

Locally weighted regression, Locally weighted regression  is the method of ...

Locally weighted regression  is the method of regression analysis in which the polynomials of degree one (linear) or two (quadratic) are used to approximate regression function in

Explain post stratification adjustment, Post stratification adjustmen t: On...

Post stratification adjustmen t: One of the most often used population weighting adjustments used in the complex surveys, in which weights for the elements in a class are multiplie

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd