Normal distribution, Advanced Statistics

Assignment Help:

Your first task is to realize two additional data generation functions. Firstly, extend the system to generate random integral numbers based on normal distribution. You need to study Data Generator's structure and extend number generation type to activate normal distribution. The interface needs to obtain both mean and sigma as shown in Figure 1. Consider the code found here which is reproduced below for your convenience:
function gauss() {
// N(0,1)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=0
// std dev=1

// auxiliary vars
$x=random_0_1();
$y=random_0_1();
// two independent variables with normal distribution N(0,1)
$u=sqrt(-2*log($x))*cos(2*pi()*$y);
$v=sqrt(-2*log($x))*sin(2*pi()*$y);
// i will return only one, couse only one needed
return $u;
}
function gauss_ms($m=0.0,$s=1.0) {
// N(m,s)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=m
// std dev=s
return gauss()*$s+$m;
}
function random_0_1() {
// auxiliary function
// returns random number with flat distribution from 0 to 1
return (float)rand()/(float)getrandmax();
}
Notice that the return value of the above code is a floating value. You can round it to nearest integer by adding a "rounding option" to the interface.

773_normal distribution.png

Figure: Functions added to Data Generator

Next, realize one form of skewed distribution that approximates Pareto Principle. Consider a skewed access pattern often evidenced in data applications such that s percent of accesses would go to (100 - s) percent of data items. For instance, a typical "80-20 rule" for 1000 accesses over 500 data items means that about 800 accesses (80% of accesses) go to a specific set of about 100 items (20% of data items). In our case, data generation should be based on independent repeated trials, not as all trials once in a batch. Therefore, implementing strict Pareto Principle is difficult. Instead, we can approximate access pattern generation by the following method:

• skew generation function receives a range r and a skew factor s as parameter, both of which are integers and r must be larger 1 while s must be between 50 and 100.

• data elements are considered to have unique IDs in the range [1, r], in which elements are listed in an increasing order of IDs such as 1, 2, 3, ..., r.

• skew generation function produces an integer value between 1 and r representing a data access in the following manner:

1. skewed access will go to the top portion of the elements, that is, those between 1 and t = r × (100 - s) / 100.

2. draw a random number p from uniform distribution between 0 and 99.

3. if p falls in less than s, i.e., [0, s - 1], the top portion of elements [1, t] is accessed.

4. otherwise the access goes to [t + 1, r].

Above illustration should be sufficient to provide you with the concrete requirement for the two frequently utilized data generation. Figure 1 and 2 shows interface and sample output respectively. In these figures, rounding to integer is applied automatically. A checkbox should be added to the interface so that users can choose whether values generated are rounded or not. Notice that this development is not from scratch, but is "reverse engineering" of already developed product. Addition of the above functions to Data Generator is easily done. You should look into the contents of docs/data_types.php.

2439_normal distribution1.png

Figure: Generated data example


Related Discussions:- Normal distribution

Sequencing of 4 machines, how to resolve sequencing problem if jobs 6 given...

how to resolve sequencing problem if jobs 6 given and 4 machines given. how to apply johnson rule for making to machines under this conditions. please give solution as soon as poss

Ain why the simulated result doesn''t have to be exact as the, ain why the ...

ain why the simulated result doesn''t have to be exact as the theoretical calculation

Categorical variable, Categorical variable : A variable which provides the ...

Categorical variable : A variable which provides the appropriate label of observation after the allocation to one of the several possible categories, for instance, the respiratory

Expert systems, The computer programs designed to mimic the role of the exp...

The computer programs designed to mimic the role of the expert human consultant. This type of systems are capable to cope with the complex problems of the medical decision makin

Error rate estimation, The term used for the estimation of the misclassific...

The term used for the estimation of the misclassification rate in the discriminant analysis. Number of techniques has been proposed for two-group situation, but the multiple-group

Tree, Tree is the term from the branch of the mathematics which known as t...

Tree is the term from the branch of the mathematics which known as the graph theory, used to describe any set of the straight-line segments joining the pairs of points in some pro

Drug stability studies, The studies conducted in the pharmaceutical industr...

The studies conducted in the pharmaceutical industry to calculate the degradation of the new drug product or an old drug formulated or packaged in the new manner. The main study ob

Describe jonckheere terpstra test, Jonckheere Terpstra test  is the test fo...

Jonckheere Terpstra test  is the test for detecting particular types of departures from the independence in a contingency table in which both the row and column categories contain

General household survey, It is the survey which is carried out in Great Br...

It is the survey which is carried out in Great Britain on a continuous basis since 1971. About 100 000 households are included in this sample every year. The main goal of the surve

Factorization theorem, The theorem relating structure of the likelihood to ...

The theorem relating structure of the likelihood to the concept of the sufficient statistic. Officially the necessary and sufficient condition which a statistic S be sufficient for

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd