Normal distribution, Advanced Statistics

Assignment Help:

Your first task is to realize two additional data generation functions. Firstly, extend the system to generate random integral numbers based on normal distribution. You need to study Data Generator's structure and extend number generation type to activate normal distribution. The interface needs to obtain both mean and sigma as shown in Figure 1. Consider the code found here which is reproduced below for your convenience:
function gauss() {
// N(0,1)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=0
// std dev=1

// auxiliary vars
$x=random_0_1();
$y=random_0_1();
// two independent variables with normal distribution N(0,1)
$u=sqrt(-2*log($x))*cos(2*pi()*$y);
$v=sqrt(-2*log($x))*sin(2*pi()*$y);
// i will return only one, couse only one needed
return $u;
}
function gauss_ms($m=0.0,$s=1.0) {
// N(m,s)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=m
// std dev=s
return gauss()*$s+$m;
}
function random_0_1() {
// auxiliary function
// returns random number with flat distribution from 0 to 1
return (float)rand()/(float)getrandmax();
}
Notice that the return value of the above code is a floating value. You can round it to nearest integer by adding a "rounding option" to the interface.

773_normal distribution.png

Figure: Functions added to Data Generator

Next, realize one form of skewed distribution that approximates Pareto Principle. Consider a skewed access pattern often evidenced in data applications such that s percent of accesses would go to (100 - s) percent of data items. For instance, a typical "80-20 rule" for 1000 accesses over 500 data items means that about 800 accesses (80% of accesses) go to a specific set of about 100 items (20% of data items). In our case, data generation should be based on independent repeated trials, not as all trials once in a batch. Therefore, implementing strict Pareto Principle is difficult. Instead, we can approximate access pattern generation by the following method:

• skew generation function receives a range r and a skew factor s as parameter, both of which are integers and r must be larger 1 while s must be between 50 and 100.

• data elements are considered to have unique IDs in the range [1, r], in which elements are listed in an increasing order of IDs such as 1, 2, 3, ..., r.

• skew generation function produces an integer value between 1 and r representing a data access in the following manner:

1. skewed access will go to the top portion of the elements, that is, those between 1 and t = r × (100 - s) / 100.

2. draw a random number p from uniform distribution between 0 and 99.

3. if p falls in less than s, i.e., [0, s - 1], the top portion of elements [1, t] is accessed.

4. otherwise the access goes to [t + 1, r].

Above illustration should be sufficient to provide you with the concrete requirement for the two frequently utilized data generation. Figure 1 and 2 shows interface and sample output respectively. In these figures, rounding to integer is applied automatically. A checkbox should be added to the interface so that users can choose whether values generated are rounded or not. Notice that this development is not from scratch, but is "reverse engineering" of already developed product. Addition of the above functions to Data Generator is easily done. You should look into the contents of docs/data_types.php.

2439_normal distribution1.png

Figure: Generated data example


Related Discussions:- Normal distribution

Public network, This is given by common network e.g. Phone Company. The pub...

This is given by common network e.g. Phone Company. The public networks are those networks, which are given by common carriers. It can be a telephone company or an other organizati

Quota sample, Quota sample is the sample in which the units are not select...

Quota sample is the sample in which the units are not selected at the random, but in terms of a particular number of units in each of a number of categories; for instance, 10 men

Non parametric maximum likelihood (npml), Non parametric maximum likelihood...

Non parametric maximum likelihood (NPML) is a likelihood approach which does not need the specification of the full parametric family for the data. Usually, the non parametric max

Parks test, The Null Hypothesis - H0: β 1 = 0 i.e. there is homoscedastici...

The Null Hypothesis - H0: β 1 = 0 i.e. there is homoscedasticity errors and no heteroscedasticity exists The Alternative Hypothesis - H1: β 1 ≠ 0 i.e. there is no homoscedasti

Correlated failure times, Data which occur when failure period is recorded ...

Data which occur when failure period is recorded which are dependent. Such type of data can arise in number contexts, for instance, in epidemiological cohort studies in which th

Math, A statewide survey of 1,706 California adults’ residents include the ...

A statewide survey of 1,706 California adults’ residents include the following question: would you favor or oppose providing a path to citizenship for illegal immigrants in the U.S

Disease mapping, The method of displaying the geographical variability of t...

The method of displaying the geographical variability of the disease on maps using different colors, shading, etc. The logic is not new, but the arrival of computers and computer g

MC0074 –Statistical and Numerical methods using C++, Write a c++ program to...

Write a c++ program to find the sum of 0.123 ? 103 and 0.456 ? 102 and write the result in three significant digits

Gambling, It is the art of attempting to exchange something quite small and...

It is the art of attempting to exchange something quite small and certain, for something which are large and uncertain. Gambling is big business; in the US, for instance, it is at

Gene environment interaction, The interplay of the genes and environment on...

The interplay of the genes and environment on, for instance, the risk of disease. The term represents the step away from the argument as to whether the nature or nurture is the pre

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd