Normal distribution, Advanced Statistics

Assignment Help:

Your first task is to realize two additional data generation functions. Firstly, extend the system to generate random integral numbers based on normal distribution. You need to study Data Generator's structure and extend number generation type to activate normal distribution. The interface needs to obtain both mean and sigma as shown in Figure 1. Consider the code found here which is reproduced below for your convenience:
function gauss() {
// N(0,1)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=0
// std dev=1

// auxiliary vars
$x=random_0_1();
$y=random_0_1();
// two independent variables with normal distribution N(0,1)
$u=sqrt(-2*log($x))*cos(2*pi()*$y);
$v=sqrt(-2*log($x))*sin(2*pi()*$y);
// i will return only one, couse only one needed
return $u;
}
function gauss_ms($m=0.0,$s=1.0) {
// N(m,s)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=m
// std dev=s
return gauss()*$s+$m;
}
function random_0_1() {
// auxiliary function
// returns random number with flat distribution from 0 to 1
return (float)rand()/(float)getrandmax();
}
Notice that the return value of the above code is a floating value. You can round it to nearest integer by adding a "rounding option" to the interface.

773_normal distribution.png

Figure: Functions added to Data Generator

Next, realize one form of skewed distribution that approximates Pareto Principle. Consider a skewed access pattern often evidenced in data applications such that s percent of accesses would go to (100 - s) percent of data items. For instance, a typical "80-20 rule" for 1000 accesses over 500 data items means that about 800 accesses (80% of accesses) go to a specific set of about 100 items (20% of data items). In our case, data generation should be based on independent repeated trials, not as all trials once in a batch. Therefore, implementing strict Pareto Principle is difficult. Instead, we can approximate access pattern generation by the following method:

• skew generation function receives a range r and a skew factor s as parameter, both of which are integers and r must be larger 1 while s must be between 50 and 100.

• data elements are considered to have unique IDs in the range [1, r], in which elements are listed in an increasing order of IDs such as 1, 2, 3, ..., r.

• skew generation function produces an integer value between 1 and r representing a data access in the following manner:

1. skewed access will go to the top portion of the elements, that is, those between 1 and t = r × (100 - s) / 100.

2. draw a random number p from uniform distribution between 0 and 99.

3. if p falls in less than s, i.e., [0, s - 1], the top portion of elements [1, t] is accessed.

4. otherwise the access goes to [t + 1, r].

Above illustration should be sufficient to provide you with the concrete requirement for the two frequently utilized data generation. Figure 1 and 2 shows interface and sample output respectively. In these figures, rounding to integer is applied automatically. A checkbox should be added to the interface so that users can choose whether values generated are rounded or not. Notice that this development is not from scratch, but is "reverse engineering" of already developed product. Addition of the above functions to Data Generator is easily done. You should look into the contents of docs/data_types.php.

2439_normal distribution1.png

Figure: Generated data example


Related Discussions:- Normal distribution

Solve this, An analyst counted 17 A/B runs and 26 time series observations....

An analyst counted 17 A/B runs and 26 time series observations. Do these results suggest that the data are nonrandom? Explain

Statistically modeling, A comprehensive regression analysis of the case stu...

A comprehensive regression analysis of the case study London has been carried out to test the 4 assumptions of regression: 1. Variables are normally distributed 2. Linear rel

Network sampling, Network sampling is a sampling design in which the simpl...

Network sampling is a sampling design in which the simple random sample or strati?ed sample of the sampling units is made and all observational units which are linked to any of th

SCATTER DIAGRAM, MEANING ,IMPORTANCE AND RELEAVANCE OF SCATTER DIAGRAM

MEANING ,IMPORTANCE AND RELEAVANCE OF SCATTER DIAGRAM

Define matching coefficient, Matching coefficient is a similarity coeffici...

Matching coefficient is a similarity coefficient for data consisting of the number of binary variables which is often used in cluster analysis. It can be given as follows    he

Complier average causal effect (cace), Complier average causal effect (CACE...

Complier average causal effect (CACE): The treatment effect amid true compliers in the clinical trial. For the suitable response variable, the CACE is given by the difference in o

Describe non linear model, Non linear model : A model which is non-linear i...

Non linear model : A model which is non-linear in the parameters, for instance are   Some such type of models can be converted into the linear models by linearization (the s

Historigram, difference between histogram and historigram

difference between histogram and historigram

Data collection - analysis and display, One of the most exciting areas of m...

One of the most exciting areas of mathematics involves the application of statistics to real-world settings to make informed decisions. In this task you will design, implement, and

Explanatory analysis, This term is sometimes used for the analysis of data ...

This term is sometimes used for the analysis of data from the clinical trial in which treatments A and B are to be compared under the suppositions that the patients remain on their

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd