Normal distribution, Advanced Statistics

Assignment Help:

Your first task is to realize two additional data generation functions. Firstly, extend the system to generate random integral numbers based on normal distribution. You need to study Data Generator's structure and extend number generation type to activate normal distribution. The interface needs to obtain both mean and sigma as shown in Figure 1. Consider the code found here which is reproduced below for your convenience:
function gauss() {
// N(0,1)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=0
// std dev=1

// auxiliary vars
$x=random_0_1();
$y=random_0_1();
// two independent variables with normal distribution N(0,1)
$u=sqrt(-2*log($x))*cos(2*pi()*$y);
$v=sqrt(-2*log($x))*sin(2*pi()*$y);
// i will return only one, couse only one needed
return $u;
}
function gauss_ms($m=0.0,$s=1.0) {
// N(m,s)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=m
// std dev=s
return gauss()*$s+$m;
}
function random_0_1() {
// auxiliary function
// returns random number with flat distribution from 0 to 1
return (float)rand()/(float)getrandmax();
}
Notice that the return value of the above code is a floating value. You can round it to nearest integer by adding a "rounding option" to the interface.

773_normal distribution.png

Figure: Functions added to Data Generator

Next, realize one form of skewed distribution that approximates Pareto Principle. Consider a skewed access pattern often evidenced in data applications such that s percent of accesses would go to (100 - s) percent of data items. For instance, a typical "80-20 rule" for 1000 accesses over 500 data items means that about 800 accesses (80% of accesses) go to a specific set of about 100 items (20% of data items). In our case, data generation should be based on independent repeated trials, not as all trials once in a batch. Therefore, implementing strict Pareto Principle is difficult. Instead, we can approximate access pattern generation by the following method:

• skew generation function receives a range r and a skew factor s as parameter, both of which are integers and r must be larger 1 while s must be between 50 and 100.

• data elements are considered to have unique IDs in the range [1, r], in which elements are listed in an increasing order of IDs such as 1, 2, 3, ..., r.

• skew generation function produces an integer value between 1 and r representing a data access in the following manner:

1. skewed access will go to the top portion of the elements, that is, those between 1 and t = r × (100 - s) / 100.

2. draw a random number p from uniform distribution between 0 and 99.

3. if p falls in less than s, i.e., [0, s - 1], the top portion of elements [1, t] is accessed.

4. otherwise the access goes to [t + 1, r].

Above illustration should be sufficient to provide you with the concrete requirement for the two frequently utilized data generation. Figure 1 and 2 shows interface and sample output respectively. In these figures, rounding to integer is applied automatically. A checkbox should be added to the interface so that users can choose whether values generated are rounded or not. Notice that this development is not from scratch, but is "reverse engineering" of already developed product. Addition of the above functions to Data Generator is easily done. You should look into the contents of docs/data_types.php.

2439_normal distribution1.png

Figure: Generated data example


Related Discussions:- Normal distribution

Cascadedparameters, Cascadedparameters: A group of parameters which is int...

Cascadedparameters: A group of parameters which is interlinked and where selecting the value for the ?rst parameter affects the choice and option available in the subsequent param

Evidence-based medicine (ebm), Described by the leading proponent as 'the c...

Described by the leading proponent as 'the conscientious, explicit, and judicious uses of present best evidence in making the decisions about the care of individual patients, and

Pre analysis data screening, need answers to questions in book advanced and...

need answers to questions in book advanced and multivariate statistical methods

Partial least squares, Partial least squares is an alternative to the mult...

Partial least squares is an alternative to the multiple regressions which, in spite of using the original q explanatory variables directly, constructs the new set of k regressor v

Back-projection, Back-projection: A term most often applied to the procedu...

Back-projection: A term most often applied to the procedure for reconstructing plausible HIV incidence curves from the AIDS incidence data. The method or technique assumes that th

Explain laplace distribution, Laplace distribution : The probability distri...

Laplace distribution : The probability distribution, f(x), given by the following formula   Can be derived as the distribution of the difference of two independent random var

Z-tests, Hello! I am currently in graduate school earning a masters in ment...

Hello! I am currently in graduate school earning a masters in mental health counseling. I am in a stats course at current and we are reviewing z-scores. I am a little lost because

Lagrange multipliertest, The Null Hypothesis - H0:  There is autocorrelatio...

The Null Hypothesis - H0:  There is autocorrelation The Alternative Hypothesis - H1: There is no autocorrelation Rejection Criteria: Reject H0 (n-s)R 2 > = (1515 - 4) x (0.

Rational –experiential inventory, Demographic data: Age: continuous vari...

Demographic data: Age: continuous variable Gender: categorical variable with males coded 1, females coded 2. Relationship status: categorical variable 1 to 5. Rational

Environmental statistics, The procedures used for determining how the quali...

The procedures used for determining how the quality of life is affected by the environment, in particular by factors such as air and solid wastes, water pollution, hazardous substa

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd