Normal distribution, Advanced Statistics

Assignment Help:

Your first task is to realize two additional data generation functions. Firstly, extend the system to generate random integral numbers based on normal distribution. You need to study Data Generator's structure and extend number generation type to activate normal distribution. The interface needs to obtain both mean and sigma as shown in Figure 1. Consider the code found here which is reproduced below for your convenience:
function gauss() {
// N(0,1)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=0
// std dev=1

// auxiliary vars
$x=random_0_1();
$y=random_0_1();
// two independent variables with normal distribution N(0,1)
$u=sqrt(-2*log($x))*cos(2*pi()*$y);
$v=sqrt(-2*log($x))*sin(2*pi()*$y);
// i will return only one, couse only one needed
return $u;
}
function gauss_ms($m=0.0,$s=1.0) {
// N(m,s)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=m
// std dev=s
return gauss()*$s+$m;
}
function random_0_1() {
// auxiliary function
// returns random number with flat distribution from 0 to 1
return (float)rand()/(float)getrandmax();
}
Notice that the return value of the above code is a floating value. You can round it to nearest integer by adding a "rounding option" to the interface.

773_normal distribution.png

Figure: Functions added to Data Generator

Next, realize one form of skewed distribution that approximates Pareto Principle. Consider a skewed access pattern often evidenced in data applications such that s percent of accesses would go to (100 - s) percent of data items. For instance, a typical "80-20 rule" for 1000 accesses over 500 data items means that about 800 accesses (80% of accesses) go to a specific set of about 100 items (20% of data items). In our case, data generation should be based on independent repeated trials, not as all trials once in a batch. Therefore, implementing strict Pareto Principle is difficult. Instead, we can approximate access pattern generation by the following method:

• skew generation function receives a range r and a skew factor s as parameter, both of which are integers and r must be larger 1 while s must be between 50 and 100.

• data elements are considered to have unique IDs in the range [1, r], in which elements are listed in an increasing order of IDs such as 1, 2, 3, ..., r.

• skew generation function produces an integer value between 1 and r representing a data access in the following manner:

1. skewed access will go to the top portion of the elements, that is, those between 1 and t = r × (100 - s) / 100.

2. draw a random number p from uniform distribution between 0 and 99.

3. if p falls in less than s, i.e., [0, s - 1], the top portion of elements [1, t] is accessed.

4. otherwise the access goes to [t + 1, r].

Above illustration should be sufficient to provide you with the concrete requirement for the two frequently utilized data generation. Figure 1 and 2 shows interface and sample output respectively. In these figures, rounding to integer is applied automatically. A checkbox should be added to the interface so that users can choose whether values generated are rounded or not. Notice that this development is not from scratch, but is "reverse engineering" of already developed product. Addition of the above functions to Data Generator is easily done. You should look into the contents of docs/data_types.php.

2439_normal distribution1.png

Figure: Generated data example


Related Discussions:- Normal distribution

Product-limit estimator, Product-limit estimator is a method for estimatin...

Product-limit estimator is a method for estimating the survival functions for the set of survival times, some of which might be censored observations. The logic behind the procedu

Implementation of huffman coding, Input to the compress is a text le with a...

Input to the compress is a text le with arbitrary size, but for this assignment we will assume that the data structure of the file fits in the main memory of a computer. Output of

Chi-squared distribution, Chi-squared distribution : It is the probability ...

Chi-squared distribution : It is the probability distribution, f (x), of the random variable de?ned as the sum of squares of the number (v) of independent standard normal variables

Weathervane plot, Weathervane plot is the graphical display of the multiva...

Weathervane plot is the graphical display of the multivariate data based on bubble plot. The latter is enhanced by the addiction of the lines whose lengths and directions code the

Disease surveillance, The procedure which targets to use the health and hea...

The procedure which targets to use the health and health-related data which precede diagnosis and/or confirmation to identify possible outbreaks of the disease, mobilize a rapid re

Explain longitudinal data, Longitudinal data : The data arising when each o...

Longitudinal data : The data arising when each of the number of subjects or patients give rise to the vector of measurements representing same variable observed at the number of di

Missing data - reasons for screening data, Missing Data - Reasons for scree...

Missing Data - Reasons for screening data In case of any missing data, the researcher needs to conduct tests to ascertain that the pattern of these missing cases is random.

Find the expected value of perfect information, You may have the opportunit...

You may have the opportunity to buy some electronic components. These components may be reliable (1) or unreliable (2). The potential pro?ts are £10,000 if the components are rel

Ljung-box q-test, The Null Hypothesis - H0: There is no autocorrelation ...

The Null Hypothesis - H0: There is no autocorrelation The Alternative Hypothesis - H1: There is at least first order autocorrelation Rejection Criteria: Reject H0 if LBQ1 >

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd