Normal distribution, Advanced Statistics

Assignment Help:

Your first task is to realize two additional data generation functions. Firstly, extend the system to generate random integral numbers based on normal distribution. You need to study Data Generator's structure and extend number generation type to activate normal distribution. The interface needs to obtain both mean and sigma as shown in Figure 1. Consider the code found here which is reproduced below for your convenience:
function gauss() {
// N(0,1)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=0
// std dev=1

// auxiliary vars
$x=random_0_1();
$y=random_0_1();
// two independent variables with normal distribution N(0,1)
$u=sqrt(-2*log($x))*cos(2*pi()*$y);
$v=sqrt(-2*log($x))*sin(2*pi()*$y);
// i will return only one, couse only one needed
return $u;
}
function gauss_ms($m=0.0,$s=1.0) {
// N(m,s)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=m
// std dev=s
return gauss()*$s+$m;
}
function random_0_1() {
// auxiliary function
// returns random number with flat distribution from 0 to 1
return (float)rand()/(float)getrandmax();
}
Notice that the return value of the above code is a floating value. You can round it to nearest integer by adding a "rounding option" to the interface.

773_normal distribution.png

Figure: Functions added to Data Generator

Next, realize one form of skewed distribution that approximates Pareto Principle. Consider a skewed access pattern often evidenced in data applications such that s percent of accesses would go to (100 - s) percent of data items. For instance, a typical "80-20 rule" for 1000 accesses over 500 data items means that about 800 accesses (80% of accesses) go to a specific set of about 100 items (20% of data items). In our case, data generation should be based on independent repeated trials, not as all trials once in a batch. Therefore, implementing strict Pareto Principle is difficult. Instead, we can approximate access pattern generation by the following method:

• skew generation function receives a range r and a skew factor s as parameter, both of which are integers and r must be larger 1 while s must be between 50 and 100.

• data elements are considered to have unique IDs in the range [1, r], in which elements are listed in an increasing order of IDs such as 1, 2, 3, ..., r.

• skew generation function produces an integer value between 1 and r representing a data access in the following manner:

1. skewed access will go to the top portion of the elements, that is, those between 1 and t = r × (100 - s) / 100.

2. draw a random number p from uniform distribution between 0 and 99.

3. if p falls in less than s, i.e., [0, s - 1], the top portion of elements [1, t] is accessed.

4. otherwise the access goes to [t + 1, r].

Above illustration should be sufficient to provide you with the concrete requirement for the two frequently utilized data generation. Figure 1 and 2 shows interface and sample output respectively. In these figures, rounding to integer is applied automatically. A checkbox should be added to the interface so that users can choose whether values generated are rounded or not. Notice that this development is not from scratch, but is "reverse engineering" of already developed product. Addition of the above functions to Data Generator is easily done. You should look into the contents of docs/data_types.php.

2439_normal distribution1.png

Figure: Generated data example


Related Discussions:- Normal distribution

Treatment allocation ratio, Treatment allocation ratio is the ratio of the...

Treatment allocation ratio is the ratio of the number of subjects allocated to the two treatments in a clinical trial. The equal allocation is most usual in practice, but it might

Nested design, Nested design  is the design in which levels of one or more ...

Nested design  is the design in which levels of one or more factors are subsampled within one or more other factors such that, for instance, each level of a factor B happens at onl

Change point problems, Change point problems : Problems with chronologicall...

Change point problems : Problems with chronologically ordered data collected over the period during which there is known to have been a change in the underlying data generation cou

Likert scales, Likert scales is often used in the studies of attitudes in ...

Likert scales is often used in the studies of attitudes in which the raw scores are based on the graded alternative responses to each of a series of queries. For instance, the sub

Explain multiple comparison tests, Multiple comparison tests : Procedures f...

Multiple comparison tests : Procedures for detailed examination of the differences between a set of means, generally after a general hypothesis that they are all equal has been rej

Probability and random processes, how to find the PDF and CDF of a gamma ra...

how to find the PDF and CDF of a gamma random variable with given equation?

Glejser’s test, The Null Hypothesis - H0:  There is no heteroscedasticity i...

The Null Hypothesis - H0:  There is no heteroscedasticity i.e. β 1 = 0 The Alternative Hypothesis - H1:  There is heteroscedasticity i.e. β 1 0 Reject H0 if |t | > t = 1.96

Exploratory data analysis, The approach to data analysis which emphasizes t...

The approach to data analysis which emphasizes the use of informal graphical procedures not based on former assumptions about structure of the data or on the formal models for the

Cascadedparameters, Cascadedparameters: A group of parameters which is int...

Cascadedparameters: A group of parameters which is interlinked and where selecting the value for the ?rst parameter affects the choice and option available in the subsequent param

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd