Normal distribution, Advanced Statistics

Assignment Help:

Your first task is to realize two additional data generation functions. Firstly, extend the system to generate random integral numbers based on normal distribution. You need to study Data Generator's structure and extend number generation type to activate normal distribution. The interface needs to obtain both mean and sigma as shown in Figure 1. Consider the code found here which is reproduced below for your convenience:
function gauss() {
// N(0,1)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=0
// std dev=1

// auxiliary vars
$x=random_0_1();
$y=random_0_1();
// two independent variables with normal distribution N(0,1)
$u=sqrt(-2*log($x))*cos(2*pi()*$y);
$v=sqrt(-2*log($x))*sin(2*pi()*$y);
// i will return only one, couse only one needed
return $u;
}
function gauss_ms($m=0.0,$s=1.0) {
// N(m,s)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=m
// std dev=s
return gauss()*$s+$m;
}
function random_0_1() {
// auxiliary function
// returns random number with flat distribution from 0 to 1
return (float)rand()/(float)getrandmax();
}
Notice that the return value of the above code is a floating value. You can round it to nearest integer by adding a "rounding option" to the interface.

773_normal distribution.png

Figure: Functions added to Data Generator

Next, realize one form of skewed distribution that approximates Pareto Principle. Consider a skewed access pattern often evidenced in data applications such that s percent of accesses would go to (100 - s) percent of data items. For instance, a typical "80-20 rule" for 1000 accesses over 500 data items means that about 800 accesses (80% of accesses) go to a specific set of about 100 items (20% of data items). In our case, data generation should be based on independent repeated trials, not as all trials once in a batch. Therefore, implementing strict Pareto Principle is difficult. Instead, we can approximate access pattern generation by the following method:

• skew generation function receives a range r and a skew factor s as parameter, both of which are integers and r must be larger 1 while s must be between 50 and 100.

• data elements are considered to have unique IDs in the range [1, r], in which elements are listed in an increasing order of IDs such as 1, 2, 3, ..., r.

• skew generation function produces an integer value between 1 and r representing a data access in the following manner:

1. skewed access will go to the top portion of the elements, that is, those between 1 and t = r × (100 - s) / 100.

2. draw a random number p from uniform distribution between 0 and 99.

3. if p falls in less than s, i.e., [0, s - 1], the top portion of elements [1, t] is accessed.

4. otherwise the access goes to [t + 1, r].

Above illustration should be sufficient to provide you with the concrete requirement for the two frequently utilized data generation. Figure 1 and 2 shows interface and sample output respectively. In these figures, rounding to integer is applied automatically. A checkbox should be added to the interface so that users can choose whether values generated are rounded or not. Notice that this development is not from scratch, but is "reverse engineering" of already developed product. Addition of the above functions to Data Generator is easily done. You should look into the contents of docs/data_types.php.

2439_normal distribution1.png

Figure: Generated data example


Related Discussions:- Normal distribution

Current status data, The Current status data arise in the survival analysis...

The Current status data arise in the survival analysis if the observations are limited to the indicators of whether or not the event of interest has happened at the time the sample

Mba, Mention the characteristics of Statistics. Explain any two application...

Mention the characteristics of Statistics. Explain any two applications of Statistics.

Cycle hunt analysis, The procedure for clustering variables in the multivar...

The procedure for clustering variables in the multivariate data, which forms the clusters by performing one or other of the below written three operations: * combining two varia

Frequency polygon, It is the diagram used to display the values graphically...

It is the diagram used to display the values graphically in a frequency distribution. The frequencies are graphed as an ordinate against the class mid-points as abscissae. The p

Describe Generalized principal components analysis, Generalized principal c...

Generalized principal components analysis: The non-linear version of the principal components analysis in which the goal is to determine the non-linear coordinate system which is

Naor''s distribution, Naor's distribution is the discrete probability dist...

Naor's distribution is the discrete probability distribution which arises from the following model; Assume an urn contains n balls of which one is red and the remainder is whit

Explain longitudinal data, Longitudinal data : The data arising when each o...

Longitudinal data : The data arising when each of the number of subjects or patients give rise to the vector of measurements representing same variable observed at the number of di

Bayesian confidence interval, Bayesian confidence interval : An interval of...

Bayesian confidence interval : An interval of the posterior distribution which is so that the density of it at any point inside the interval is greater than that of the density at

Concordant mutations test, Concordant mutations test : A statistical test u...

Concordant mutations test : A statistical test used in the cancer studies to determine whether or not a diagnosed second primary tumour is biologically independent of the original

Cause specific death rate, Cause specific death rate : A death rate calcula...

Cause specific death rate : A death rate calculated for the people dying from the specific disease. For instance, the below given are the rates per 1000 people for three disease cl

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd