The greenhouse gas emission is estimated to grow in the medium and long term. In order to minimize the negative effects of global climate change, it is required to stabilize the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere through prompt and substantial cut in greenhouse gas emissions. For this end, it is indispensable that every major emitter sets some legally binding target for cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Developed countries, which have achieved economic growth through emitting large amounts of greenhouse gas, must be responsible to take the initiative in reducing emissions. Moreover, it is important that developing countries, whose greenhouse gas emissions are predicted to eclipse those in the developed countries soon, participate and reduce the growth of greenhouse gas emissions.

Under such circumstances, some countries seek to adopt a new and comprehensive legal document that establishes a fair and effective international framework in which all major economies participate. They argue that, besides the controversial issues of equity, equal footing, and burden sharing, any programs without some major emitters are less effective and can even ruin the cuts achieved by the participants.

Explain how a non-broad-based framework is less effective in combating global climate change.