Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Modern networks are not implemented as a single piece of software; that would render the task of dealing with multiple technologies and manufacturers virtually impossible. The solution for this problem is to structure computer networks as stacks of different protocols. A protocol can be seen as a "language" in which two entities (computers, routers, etc) communicate with each other. Typically, one protocol is created to solve a predetermined set of networking tasks, such as being able to send ?xed-length messages, or guaranteeing message order, etc. The capability of a protocol to solve these tasks makes it a "black box" that can be used by protocols on the level immediately above; similarly, the protocol itself can make use of the capabilities provided by the protocol on the level immediately below. Thus, all modern networks are implemented as a stack of abstractions, all of which are implemented as composable protocols; we say that the layer N provides services to layer N+1 and uses the services from layer N-1.
As an example, consider the stack presented in Figure in this example we show how the HTTP protocol (or, similarly, SMTP and ssh) can be implemented using the services provided by the TCP protocol. Also, the TCP protocol is implemented using the services of the IP layer, which itself uses the services provided by the Ethernet layer. Notice that one advantage of this type of architecture is that if we were to build a new functionality (say, wireless connections, instead of Ethernet), it would suf?ce for us to implement this new layer and to guarantee that it provides, to the IP level, the same services that were once provided by the Ethernet level. Nowhere would we need to care about the details of TCP, HTTP, or, for that matter, any of the top-level protocols.
Ask question #Minimum 100 difference between bounded and unbounded buffer words accepted#
Explian Integrating a Request/Response Mechanism Traditional application developers will need to develop a mechanism for communication between requesting (client) and respondin
The field that consists of a segment index or an internal index is known as Target datum is field that consists of a segment index or an internal index.
Write short note on compression regarding the file system in Windows 2000. NTFS is able to perform data compression on individual files or on all data files in a directory. To
Here are the conditions necessary for a deadlock to occur; note that all of them are necessary, and none is suf?cient: 1. ?nite resources: the resources are held in a mutually-e
Q. Explain about Error detection method? Error detection: error can occur in CPU, in I/O devices or in memory hardware. Operating system constantly needs to be aware of possi
What are the allocation methods of a disk space? Methods of allocating disk space which are widely in use are a. Contiguous allocation b. Linked allocation c. Indexed
Differentiate pre-emptive and non-preemptive scheduling In a pre-emptive scheduling technique, CPU can be taken away from a process if there is a requirement while in a non-pre
Q. Why do some systems stay track of the type of a file while others leave it to the user or simply don't implement multiple file types? Which system is "better?" Answer: A f
Define Middleware to Ease the Low-Level Protocol Burden Fortunately, many products are available today to ease the low-level protocol burden on the application programmer. Midd
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd