Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Modern networks are not implemented as a single piece of software; that would render the task of dealing with multiple technologies and manufacturers virtually impossible. The solution for this problem is to structure computer networks as stacks of different protocols. A protocol can be seen as a "language" in which two entities (computers, routers, etc) communicate with each other. Typically, one protocol is created to solve a predetermined set of networking tasks, such as being able to send ?xed-length messages, or guaranteeing message order, etc. The capability of a protocol to solve these tasks makes it a "black box" that can be used by protocols on the level immediately above; similarly, the protocol itself can make use of the capabilities provided by the protocol on the level immediately below. Thus, all modern networks are implemented as a stack of abstractions, all of which are implemented as composable protocols; we say that the layer N provides services to layer N+1 and uses the services from layer N-1.
As an example, consider the stack presented in Figure in this example we show how the HTTP protocol (or, similarly, SMTP and ssh) can be implemented using the services provided by the TCP protocol. Also, the TCP protocol is implemented using the services of the IP layer, which itself uses the services provided by the Ethernet layer. Notice that one advantage of this type of architecture is that if we were to build a new functionality (say, wireless connections, instead of Ethernet), it would suf?ce for us to implement this new layer and to guarantee that it provides, to the IP level, the same services that were once provided by the Ethernet level. Nowhere would we need to care about the details of TCP, HTTP, or, for that matter, any of the top-level protocols.
List the four steps that are essential to run a program on a completely dedicated machine. a. Reserve machine time. b. Manually load program into memory. c. Load starting
What is busy waiting? The repeated implementation of a loop of code while waiting for an event to happen is known as busy-waiting. The CPU is not engaged in any actual producti
How the Nested Macro calls are expanded LIFO (Last in First out)
Define the Programming Fundamentals for Client- Server Developers Coding for client - server enforces good programming fundamentals. In order for applications to become client
Question 1 Describe about the shells of Linux operating system Question 2 Describe briefly about GNOME desktop Question 3 Write note on the following- Encryp
Q. The Sun Ultra SPARC processor has numerous register sets that describe the actions of a context switch if the new context is previously loaded into one of the register sets. Wha
what is Number System
reason for terminating a process
1. The City of Boston needs to be about 2 acres of green space per 1,000 persons. You have been hired as the GIS expert by an independent consulting company to determine where the
What are the three main activities of an operating system in regard to memory management? Keep track of which parts of memory are now being used and by whom. Decide which pr
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd