Networking protocols, Operating System

Assignment Help:

Modern networks are not implemented as a single piece of software; that would render the task of dealing with multiple technologies and manufacturers virtually impossible. The solution for this problem is to structure computer networks as stacks of different protocols. A protocol can be seen as a "language" in which two entities (computers, routers, etc) communicate with each other. Typically, one protocol is created to solve a predetermined set of networking tasks, such as being able to send ?xed-length messages, or guaranteeing message order, etc. The capability of a protocol to solve these tasks makes it a "black box" that can be used by protocols on the level immediately above; similarly, the protocol itself can make use of the capabilities provided by the protocol on the level immediately below. Thus, all modern networks are implemented as a stack of abstractions, all of which are implemented as composable protocols; we say that the layer N provides services to layer N+1 and uses the services from layer N-1.

As an example, consider the stack presented in Figure in this example we show how the HTTP protocol (or, similarly, SMTP and ssh) can be implemented using the services provided by the TCP protocol. Also, the TCP protocol is implemented using the services of the IP layer, which itself uses the services provided by the Ethernet layer. Notice that one advantage of this type of architecture is that if we were to build a new functionality (say, wireless connections, instead of Ethernet), it would suf?ce for us to implement this new layer and to guarantee that it provides, to the IP level, the same services that were once provided by the Ethernet level. Nowhere would we need to care about the details of TCP, HTTP, or, for that matter, any of the top-level protocols.


Related Discussions:- Networking protocols

Describe two segment-replacement algorithms, Q. Segmentation is alike to p...

Q. Segmentation is alike to paging but uses variable-sized "pages". Describe two segment-replacement algorithms based on FIFO and LRU page replacement schemes. Remember that since

Diehard allocator - custom allocators, Allocators can also be used to avoid...

Allocators can also be used to avoid problems with unsafe languages. C and C++ are pervasive, with huge amounts of existing code. They are also memory-unsafe languages, in that the

Benefits of dynamic linkage of libraries, Q. What are three benefits of dyn...

Q. What are three benefits of dynamic (shared) linkage of libraries compared to static linkage? What are two situations where static linkage is preferable? Answer: The

Define virtual memory, Define Virtual memory Virtual memory is employe...

Define Virtual memory Virtual memory is employed in all major commercial operating systems

Define ageing, Define Ageing Ageing is a method of enhancing the priori...

Define Ageing Ageing is a method of enhancing the priority of process waiting in Queue for CPU allocation

Explain tightly coupled systems and loosely coupled system, Differentiate t...

Differentiate tightly coupled systems and loosely coupled systems? Loosely coupled systems:-  Every processor has its own local memory  Every processor can communicate

Palm os provides no signifies of concurrent processing, Q. Palm OS provides...

Q. Palm OS provides no signifies of concurrent processing. Discuss three major complications that concurrent processing adds to an operating system. Answer: a. A meth

Producer - consumer system, In this exercise we are going to use  pthread()...

In this exercise we are going to use  pthread()to simulate the dynamics between a warehouse, factory and retail. The factory produces product by using parts supplied by the warehou

What is a message passing system, Question 1 What is a message passing sys...

Question 1 What is a message passing system? Discuss the desirable features of a message passing system Question 2 Discuss the implementation of RPC Mechanism in detail Q

Independent process, what is independent process? distinguished between ind...

what is independent process? distinguished between independent process and co-operating process

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd