Networking protocols, Operating System

Assignment Help:

Modern networks are not implemented as a single piece of software; that would render the task of dealing with multiple technologies and manufacturers virtually impossible. The solution for this problem is to structure computer networks as stacks of different protocols. A protocol can be seen as a "language" in which two entities (computers, routers, etc) communicate with each other. Typically, one protocol is created to solve a predetermined set of networking tasks, such as being able to send ?xed-length messages, or guaranteeing message order, etc. The capability of a protocol to solve these tasks makes it a "black box" that can be used by protocols on the level immediately above; similarly, the protocol itself can make use of the capabilities provided by the protocol on the level immediately below. Thus, all modern networks are implemented as a stack of abstractions, all of which are implemented as composable protocols; we say that the layer N provides services to layer N+1 and uses the services from layer N-1.

As an example, consider the stack presented in Figure in this example we show how the HTTP protocol (or, similarly, SMTP and ssh) can be implemented using the services provided by the TCP protocol. Also, the TCP protocol is implemented using the services of the IP layer, which itself uses the services provided by the Ethernet layer. Notice that one advantage of this type of architecture is that if we were to build a new functionality (say, wireless connections, instead of Ethernet), it would suf?ce for us to implement this new layer and to guarantee that it provides, to the IP level, the same services that were once provided by the Ethernet level. Nowhere would we need to care about the details of TCP, HTTP, or, for that matter, any of the top-level protocols.


Related Discussions:- Networking protocols

Defining kernel, Problem 1. What is kernel? What are the main component...

Problem 1. What is kernel? What are the main components of a kernel? Defining Kernel Explaining Main components of Kernel 2. What is mutual exclusion? What are i

Explain fifo page replacement in detail, FIFO page replacement This is...

FIFO page replacement This is the easiest page replacement algorithm. Here the 1 st page toward the inside is the 1 st to leave that is the oldest page leaves. To execute th

Illustrate the function of loader, Q. Illustrate the function of Loader? ...

Q. Illustrate the function of Loader? A loader is a routine which loads an object program and prepares it for execution. There are many loading schemes: relocating, absolute an

Calculate the number of processes to avoid race condition, To evade race co...

To evade race condition, the maximum number of processes that may be at the same time inside the critical section is The maximum number of processes which may be at the same t

What is direct access, Normal 0 false false false EN-IN...

Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

Is it essential to bind a real-time thread to an lwp, Q. Presume an operati...

Q. Presume an operating system maps user-level threads to the kernel using the many-to-many model and the mapping is done through LWPs. Additionally the system allows developers to

An operating system for a real-time environment, Q. What is the major diffi...

Q. What is the major difficulty that a programmer should overcome in writing an operating system for a real-time environment? Answer: The major difficulty is keeping the oper

Evicting pages from physical memory, When do we write a page from physical ...

When do we write a page from physical memory back to the disk? In general, caches have two broad types of writing policies. One approach is a write-through cache. In this case,

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd