Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Modern networks are not implemented as a single piece of software; that would render the task of dealing with multiple technologies and manufacturers virtually impossible. The solution for this problem is to structure computer networks as stacks of different protocols. A protocol can be seen as a "language" in which two entities (computers, routers, etc) communicate with each other. Typically, one protocol is created to solve a predetermined set of networking tasks, such as being able to send ?xed-length messages, or guaranteeing message order, etc. The capability of a protocol to solve these tasks makes it a "black box" that can be used by protocols on the level immediately above; similarly, the protocol itself can make use of the capabilities provided by the protocol on the level immediately below. Thus, all modern networks are implemented as a stack of abstractions, all of which are implemented as composable protocols; we say that the layer N provides services to layer N+1 and uses the services from layer N-1.
As an example, consider the stack presented in Figure in this example we show how the HTTP protocol (or, similarly, SMTP and ssh) can be implemented using the services provided by the TCP protocol. Also, the TCP protocol is implemented using the services of the IP layer, which itself uses the services provided by the Ethernet layer. Notice that one advantage of this type of architecture is that if we were to build a new functionality (say, wireless connections, instead of Ethernet), it would suf?ce for us to implement this new layer and to guarantee that it provides, to the IP level, the same services that were once provided by the Ethernet level. Nowhere would we need to care about the details of TCP, HTTP, or, for that matter, any of the top-level protocols.
perform process suspension
Explain the various page replacement strategies. Page replacement-basic scheme with diagram Optimal page replacement LRU page replacement FIFO page replacement LRU
What are the hardware and software requirements for virtual memory? The hardware required for virtual memory is a secondary memory and page table. The page table should have th
In a multiprogramming and time-sharing environment, several users share the system simultaneously. This situation can result in various security problems. a
What is a sequential file? A file that is read one record or block or parameter at a time in order, based on a tape model of a file.
Define drawback of Distributed systems Reliability is a drawback of Distributed systems
Define request edge and assignment edge. Answer: A directed edge from process Pi to resource type R j is denoted by Pi->j; it signifies that process Pi requested an instance
Virtual file systems The file-system execution having of three major layers. The first layer is the file-system interface, based on the open, read, write and close calls and fi
What is the main advantage of the layered approach to system design? As in all cases of modular design, designing an operating system in a modular way has several benefits. Th
The Most comman difference are given below System calls are heavy. While a procedure call can generally be performed in a few system instructions, a system call needs the c
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd