Networking protocols, Operating System

Assignment Help:

Modern networks are not implemented as a single piece of software; that would render the task of dealing with multiple technologies and manufacturers virtually impossible. The solution for this problem is to structure computer networks as stacks of different protocols. A protocol can be seen as a "language" in which two entities (computers, routers, etc) communicate with each other. Typically, one protocol is created to solve a predetermined set of networking tasks, such as being able to send ?xed-length messages, or guaranteeing message order, etc. The capability of a protocol to solve these tasks makes it a "black box" that can be used by protocols on the level immediately above; similarly, the protocol itself can make use of the capabilities provided by the protocol on the level immediately below. Thus, all modern networks are implemented as a stack of abstractions, all of which are implemented as composable protocols; we say that the layer N provides services to layer N+1 and uses the services from layer N-1.

As an example, consider the stack presented in Figure in this example we show how the HTTP protocol (or, similarly, SMTP and ssh) can be implemented using the services provided by the TCP protocol. Also, the TCP protocol is implemented using the services of the IP layer, which itself uses the services provided by the Ethernet layer. Notice that one advantage of this type of architecture is that if we were to build a new functionality (say, wireless connections, instead of Ethernet), it would suf?ce for us to implement this new layer and to guarantee that it provides, to the IP level, the same services that were once provided by the Ethernet level. Nowhere would we need to care about the details of TCP, HTTP, or, for that matter, any of the top-level protocols.


Related Discussions:- Networking protocols

Difference between internal and external fragmentation, Explain the differe...

Explain the difference between internal and external fragmentation. Internal Fragmentation is the area in a region or a page that is not used by the job occupying that region o

What are the two types of fragmentations, Questiion 1 Use Priority Sche...

Questiion 1 Use Priority Scheduling Algorithm to schedule the following processes        Process                 Burst Time             Priority/Time            P1

Operation management, #question After working for 30 years, Ramjee Somjee D...

#question After working for 30 years, Ramjee Somjee Dutt opted for VRS and started a courier company and did very well in the first four years. He was now looking for expansion of

Several cpu-scheduling algorithms, Q. Several CPU-scheduling algorithms are...

Q. Several CPU-scheduling algorithms are parameterized for instance the RR algorithm requires a parameter to indicate the time slice. Multilevel response queues require parameters

What are the different files attributes?, What are the different files attr...

What are the different files attributes? File name:-it's the name of the file. It's the name with which the user identifies. Identifiers:-it's created when a file is created

Compute the effective instruction time on the system, Q. An operating syst...

Q. An operating system sustains a paged virtual memory using a central processor with a cycle time of 1 microsecond. It costs an additional one microsecond to access a page other

What is a message passing system, Question 1 What is a message passing sys...

Question 1 What is a message passing system? Discuss the desirable features of a message passing system Question 2 Discuss the implementation of RPC Mechanism in detail Q

Implementation of lru, 1. On every access, mark the page with a timestamp. ...

1. On every access, mark the page with a timestamp. Whenever we need to evict a page, we search through memory for the oldest page, the least-recently used page. But we need memory

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd