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Nested Tables versus Index-by TablesThe Index-by tables and nested tables are just similar. For e.g. They have similar structure and their individual elements are accessed in the similar way (by using subscript notation). The main distinction is that the nested tables can be stored in a database column (and hence the word "nested table") while the index-by tables cannot.The Nested tables extend the functionality of the index-by tables by letting you SELECT,INSERT, DELETE, and UPDATE nested tables stored in the database. (Keep in mind, that index-by tables cannot be stored in the database). Some collection methods also operate only on the nested tables and varrays. For example, the built-in procedure TRIM cannot be applied to the index-by tables.Another merit of the nested tables is that an uninitialized nested table is automatically null (that is, the table itself is null, not its elements), while an uninitialized index-by table is simply empty. Therefore, you can apply the IS NULL comparison operator to the nested tables but not to index-by tables.Though, index-by tables also have some merits. For example, the PL/SQL supports implicit (automatic) datatype conversion between the host arrays and index-by tables (but not nested tables). Therefore, the most efficient way to pass collections to and from the database server is to use the anonymous PL/SQL blocks to bulk-bind input and output host arrays to the index-by tables.
OUT Mode An OUT parameter returns values to the caller of a subprogram. Within the subprogram, an OUT parameter act like a variable. That means that you can use an OUT formal
Sequential Control Dissimilar to the IF and LOOP statements, the GOTO and NULL statements are not important to the PL/SQL programming. The configuration of PL/SQL is such that th
Using NOT NULL Besides assigning an initial value, the declarations can impose the NOT NULL constraint, as the example below shows: acct_id INTEGER(4) NOT NULL := 9999; You ca
GOTO Statement The GOTO statement branches to a label unconditionally. The label must be exclusive within its scope and should precede an executable statement or a PL/SQL block.
THEO R Y OF SPECIAL CREATION - Life originated on the earth due to natural events by the super natural power. The biblical story of creation of world within six days was p
Mutual Recursion The Subprograms are mutually recursive if they directly or indirectly call each other. In the illustration below, the Boolean functions odd & even, that dete
V ariables and Constants in PL/SQL The PL/SQL permits you to declare constants and variables, and then use them in SQL and procedural statements anywhere in the expression. Th
Use the PLS_INTEGER Datatype When you require to declare an integer variable, use the datatype PLS_INTEGER that is the most efficient numeric type. That is as the PLS_INTEGER
Semidifference and NOT - SQL In this section first describe the relational difference operator, named MINUS. Example here shows SQL's closest counterpart of that operator.
Literature review
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