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NESTED IF STATEMENT:
The then and else statement of an IF statement can hold other IF statements. The involved IF statements in their turn may also hold other IF statements. These inclusion of one or more IF statements within the scope of the IF statement is termed as nesting. Note that the most inclusive IF statement should have a terminating period and therefore this statement along with all the included statements is frequently termed as NESTED IF STATEMENT.
As the else phrase in an IF statement is optional, the nested If sentence may have less ELSEs than Ifs. This makes the interpretation of the nested IF sentence quite difficult. The initial step in interpreting such a sentence would be to find out that ELSE belongs to which IF and which are the IFs that do not have the corresponding ELSEs. Once this is completed, the actions specified for the various cases can be recognized easily. To avoid any ambiguity in an interpretation, the COBOL rule is as shown below.
The nested IF sentence must be examined in the left- to-right manner to encounter each
ELSE in the order of its appearance. As soon as an ELSE is encountered, it should be paired with the instantly preceding IF which has not yet been paired with the other ELSE.
Note that the above rule can also helps in detecting those Ifs for which the ELSE phrase may be absent.
The above rule states how the COBOL compiler will interpret a nested IF sentence. And hence, while writing such a sentence this rule should be applied to verify that the interpretation of the compiler will not be different from what is intended. The illustrations below are used to show how the meaning of a nested IF sentence can be obtained by applying the above rules.
COBOL Words: The COBOL word can be formed by using the characters as shown below: 0-9 A-Z (a-z) - (hyphen) The rules below should be hold in forming the COBOL words.
Data Names and Identifiers: The Data name provides reference to the storage space in the memory where the real value is stored. This value takes part in the operation whene
MULTIPLY VERB: The Multiply Verb causes one or more multiplicands to be multiplied by the multiplier and to store the products. The form of the MULTIPLY verb is as shown be
Format for COBOL Programs: The COBOL is a high-level language. Therefore, a COBOL program can be executed on a computer for which a COBOL compiler exists. The compiler transla
RULES OF RENAMES CLAUSE: The rules below should be observed while using the RENAMES clause: (i) All RENAMES entries should be written only after the last record descript
Data types available in COBOL are given below Alpha-numeric (X), numeric (9), alphabetic (A)
Examples - Edit characters for numeric data: The following illustration illustrates the use of Z editing characters. The character b is used to indicate the space character an
Selection of file Organization: While designing a file, the programmer should select an appropriate association for a file. The order in which the choice is to be made is as s
Example of If- else statement Illustration: IF QUANTITY IS NUMERIC AND QUANTITY IS POSITIVE MOVE ZERO TO ERROR-CODE. COMPUTE SALES VALUE=QUANTITY*RATE
RELATIVE FILES: The Files that are stored on a direct access storage medium like magnetic disk are frequently known as direct access files. The COBOL supports three different
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