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Negation (NOT, ¬) - SQL
There are three rows instead of just two. As you can see, ¬ p is defined as in two-valued logic (2VL) when p is either true or false, but ¬ (unknown) is unknown.
Figure: The SQL Truth Table for Negation
WHEN or THEN Key Constraints Suppose a table has two columns representing a period of time throughout which the information conveyed by the other columns is recorded as having
Updating by replacement Syntax: UPDATE ENROLMENT SET Name = 'Ann' WHERE StudentId = SID ('S1'); Note the use of SET, as already noted in connection with direct a
Keyword and Parameter Description: label_name: This is an undeclared identifier which labels an executable statement or the PL/SQL block. You can use a GOTO statement to
Example of Null operator - NiNo Rule If we wanted to make HIGHER_OF adhere to "NULL in, NULL out"-let's call it the NiNo rule-we would have to write something like what is sho
to write a heap sort program usin pl-sql
Example of Foreign Key Constraint Example: Alternative formulation for 6.3 as a foreign key constraint ALTER TABLE EXAM_MARK ADD CONSTRAINT Must_be_enrolled_to_take_exam
Managing Cursors The PL/SQL uses 2 types of cursors: implicit and explicit. The PL/SQL declares a cursor implicitly for all the SQL data manipulation statements, including th
Using FIRST and LAST FIRST and LAST return the first and last (minimum and maximum) index numbers in a collection. When the collection is empty, the FIRST and LAST return NULL
Parameter Default Values As the illustration below shows, you can initialize the IN parameters to the default values. In that way, you can pass various numbers of actual par
Semijoin and Composition - SQL For semijoin, the dyadic relational operator MATCHING, defined thus: r1 MATCHING r2, where r1 and r2 are relations such that r1 JOIN r2 is de
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