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Need for Dynamic SQL:
You need dynamic SQL in the situations as follows:
1) You would like to execute a SQL data definition statement (like CREATE), a data control statement (like GRANT), or a session control statement (like ALTER SESSION). In PL/SQL, these statements cannot be executed statically.
2) You wish for more flexibility. For illustration, you might desire to defer your choice of the schema objects until the run time. Or, you may want your program to construct various search conditions for the WHERE clause of a SELECT statement. A further complex program might prefer from the various SQL operations, clauses, etc.
3) You can use package like DBMS_SQL to execute the SQL statements dynamically, but you would like better performance, somewhat easier to use, or the functionality that DBMS_
SQL lacks like support for the objects and collections.
Example of COALESCE operator Example: Give the total of marks for each exam (simplified solution) SELECT CourseId, COALESCE ((SELECT SUM (Mark) FROM EXAM_MARK AS EM
Advantages of Subprograms The Subprograms give extensibility; that is, tailor the PL/SQL language to suit your requirements. For illustration, if you require a procedure which
Passing Cursor Parameters You use the OPEN statement to pass the parameters to a cursor. Unless you want to accept the default values, each proper parameter in the cursor decl
Row Operators The Row operators return or reference the particular rows. ALL retains the duplicate rows in the result of a query or in an aggregate expression. The DISTINCT el
Restriction and AND - SQL Restriction is available via the WHERE operator, and so it is in SQL. However, by Example showing how a certain simple restriction can be expressed u
In Packages The Forward declarations also group logically related subprograms in the package. The subprogram specifications go in the package specification, & the subprogram b
Using ROLLBACK The ROLLBACK statements end the present transaction and undo any change made during the transaction. The Rolling back is helpful for two reasons. Firstly, if yo
Interesting properties of CROSS JOIN - SQL Compare these with the "interesting properties of JOIN", CROSS JOIN is associative but not commutative. Unlike JOIN and NATURAL JOI
%ROWTYPE: This attribute gives a record type which represents a row in the database table or a row fetched from a formerly declared cursor. The Fields in the record and corresp
EXECUTE Privilege To call an invoker-rights routine straightforwardly, the users should have the EXECUTE privilege on that routine. By yielding the privilege, you permit a user
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