Natural join - sql, PL-SQL Programming

Assignment Help:

Natural Join - SQL

In the absence of NATURAL JOIN Example has to be replaced by something rather more longwinded, as shown in Example.

Example: Joining IS_CALLED and IS_ENROLLED_ON in original SQL

SELECT IC.StudentId, Name, CourseId

FROM IS_CALLED AS IC, IS_ENROLLED_ON AS IE

WHERE IC.StudentId = IE.StudentId

866_Joining in SQL.png

Explanation

  • The FROM clause now has two elements. When there are two elements, t1 and t2, the result is equivalent to t1 CROSS JOIN t2, which is SQL's counterpart of t1 TIMES t2 in Tutorial D. However, TIMES requires its operands to have disjoint headings, whereas CROSS JOIN is defined for all pairs of SQL tables. When t1 and t2 each have a column named c, the result has two columns named c. In general, when t1 has m columns named c and t2 has n, t1 CROSS JOIN t2 has m+n columns named c.
  • Following the FROM clause is a WHERE clause, denoting an invocation of the operator WHERE. The operands are the table resulting from the FROM clause and the condition following the word WHERE. SQL's WHERE operator is equivalent to Tutorial D's operator of the same name when its table operand represents a relation.
  • The result of the FROM clause has two columns of the same name, StudentId. The condition specified in the WHERE clause uses range variables, IC and IE, to distinguish between these two columns. The distinction is possible here, thanks to the fact that the same column name isn't used more than once in either of the two operand tables (as we shall see later, that is a condition that does not always apply, even though the same column name cannot be used more than once in a base table).
  • The range variables are defined in the FROM clause alongside the table expressions to which they apply. The key word AS separating the table expression from the range variable name is optional. If the table expression consists of just a table name, unaccompanied by a range variable, then that table name serves also as a range variable name.
  • A range variable is so-called because it is considered to "range over" each element in turn of a collection, the collection in the example at hand being the rows of a table. Note carefully that although the expression IE.StudentId is a column reference, it is not a column name. It references a particular column named StudentId. The prefix "IE." is required because without it the column reference would be ambiguous.

Related Discussions:- Natural join - sql

Scope rules - user-defined exceptions, Scope Rules You cannot declare ...

Scope Rules You cannot declare an exception twice in the similar block. Though, you can, declare the similar exception in 2 different blocks. The Exceptions declared in a bloc

Boolean values-assignments in pl/sql, Boolean Values Only the values TRU...

Boolean Values Only the values TRUE, FALSE, & NULL can be assigned to a Boolean variable. For illustration, given the declaration DECLARE done BOOLEAN; the following statements

Using forall statement - bulk bind performance improvement, Using the FORAL...

Using the FORALL Statement The keyword FORALL instruct the PL/SQL engine to bulk-bind input collections before sending them all to the SQL engine. Though the FORALL statement

%rowcount - implicit cursor attributes, %ROWCOUNT The %ROWCOUNT yields...

%ROWCOUNT The %ROWCOUNT yields the number of rows affected by the INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement, or returned by a SELECT INTO statement. The %ROWCOUNT yields zero when a

Long and long raw in pl/sql, LONG and LONG RAW You use the LONG datatyp...

LONG and LONG RAW You use the LONG datatype to store the variable-length character strings. The LONG datatype is such as the VARCHAR2 datatype, except that the maximum length o

For-loop -iterative control, FOR-LOOP While the number of iterations thr...

FOR-LOOP While the number of iterations through a WHILE loop is unknown till the loop completes, then the number of iterations through a FOR loop is known before the loop is ent

Exception handling, Exception handling In the PL/SQL, a warning or erro...

Exception handling In the PL/SQL, a warning or error condition is known as an exception. The Exceptions can be internally defined (by the run-time system) or user defined. The

Example of groupby operator - sql, Example of GROUPBY Operator Example...

Example of GROUPBY Operator Example: How many students sat each exam, using GROUP BY, NATURAL LEFT JOIN, and COALESCE SELECT CourseId, COALESCE (n, 0) AS n FROM COURS

Transactions in sql, Transactions in SQL BEGIN TRANSACTION, COMMIT, an...

Transactions in SQL BEGIN TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK, SQL has the same syntax except for START in place of BEGIN. However, START TRANSACTION is used only for outermost

Iterative control:exit statements, EXIT The EXIT statement forces a loop...

EXIT The EXIT statement forces a loop to done unconditionally. Whenever an EXIT statement is encountered, the loop is done immediately and controls the passes to the next statem

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd