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Natural Join - SQL
In the absence of NATURAL JOIN Example has to be replaced by something rather more longwinded, as shown in Example.
Example: Joining IS_CALLED and IS_ENROLLED_ON in original SQL
SELECT IC.StudentId, Name, CourseId
FROM IS_CALLED AS IC, IS_ENROLLED_ON AS IE
WHERE IC.StudentId = IE.StudentId
Explanation
Transaction context As the figure shows, the major transaction shares its context with the nested transactions, but not with the autonomous transactions. Similarly, If one aut
Use the RETURNING Clause Frequently, the application requires information about the row affected by a SQL operation, for illustration, to produce a report or take a subsequent
Data Abstraction The Data abstraction extracts the important properties of data while ignoring the not necessary details. Once you design a data structure, you can fail to reme
Enrolment was split - SQL Example shows how relvars IS_CALLED and IS_ENROLLED_ON can be derived from the original ENROLMENT relvar, using projection in the initial assignment
a. Write an anonymous block that contains a PL/SQL function. Given an order number orderNo, the function will calculate the total number of the parts in the order. Then the anonym
Special cases of projection This section describes the identity projection, r {ALL BUT}, and the projection on no attributes, r { }, which yields TABLE_DUM when r is empty, ot
Using Operator DEREF: You cannot navigate through refs within the PL/SQL procedural statements. Rather than, you should use the operator DEREF in the SQL statement. The DEREF
NULL Statement The NULL statement clearly specifies in action; it does nothing other than to pass control to the next statement. It can, though, improve the readability. In a
Datatypes Every constant and variable has a datatype that specifies the storage format, constraints, and the valid range of values. The PL/SQL gives a variety of predefined dat
Using Host Arrays The Client-side programs can use anonymous PL/SQL blocks to bulk-bind input and output host arrays. However, this is the well-organized way to pass the colle
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