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Each gene has a characteristic mutation rate. Mutation rates are often described as an average per gene basis. For instance, Drosophila has one detectable mutation per 10,000 loci, that is, 0.01% per locus. In humans spontaneous mutation rates have been calculated for some of the dominant lethi1 genes such as retinablastoma, chondrodystrophy and Huntington's chorea. These genes have rates varying from 0.01% to 0.001% per locus which means that one out of 10,000 or 100,000 loci mutates. This is true of most of eukaryotic mutation rates which range from to per locus. Jn prokaryotes the rates may be much lower, ranging from 10-4 to 10-6 per locus. Mutations can also occur in reverse direction by which it is ineant that a mutant gene can mutate back to its wild type form. However, reverse or back mutation rates are much lower than the forward mutation rates.
What is deplasmolysis of plant cells? The plant cell when placed under hypertonic medium loses a huge amount of water and its cell membrane detaches from the cell wall. In that
Define Basic Calculations during the practical work in Laboratory? Some basic mathematical formulas and conversion factors are given herewith to help you in your calculations d
Q. Evaluation of osseointegration? All the parameters of proper implant selection, atraumatic sequential osteotomy preparation and the attainment of primary stability are focus
Q. Besides vertebrates two invertebrate phyla contain species that make pulmonary respiration. Which are these phyla? Terrestrial molluscs and the arachnid arthropods are the i
Q. What is schistosomiasis? The Schistosomiasis is a worm infection caused by schistosomes, a species of flatworms (platyhelminthes). The disease is common in Latin America and
If an enzyme-controlled reaction normally takes place at 10ºC, in general terms how will the reaction be affected by (a) a fall in temperature to 2°C , (b) a rise in temperature t
discuss locomotion in annelids
What are DNA ligases? How do these enzymes participate in the recombinant DNA technology? The DNA ligases are enzymes specialized in tying the complementary DNA chains that for
Classification of Aquatic Organisms After discussing the common types of the aquatic ecosystem let us now study in brief the ecological classification of aquatic organisms. I
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