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Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a generic term for a class of techniques or methods which attempt to construct a low-dimensional geometrical representation of the proximity matrix for a set of stimuli, with the goal of making any structure in the data as transparent as possible. The goal of all such techniques or method is to find a low-dimensional space in which points in the space represent stimuli, one point representing one stimulus, such that the distances between points in the space match as well as possible in some sense the original dissimilarities or the similarities. In a very common sense this simply means that the larger the observed dissimilarity value (or smaller the similarity value) amongs two stimuli, the further apart should be the points representing them in derived spatial solution. A common approach to finding the required coordinate values is to select them so as to minimize some least squares type fit criterion such as follows
This term sometimes used to describe the extra factor in variance of the sample mean when n sample values are drawn without the replacement from the finite population of size N. Th
The Null Hypothesis - H0: β 1 = 0 i.e. there is homoscedasticity errors and no heteroscedasticity exists The Alternative Hypothesis - H1: β 1 ≠ 0 i.e. there is no homoscedasti
Likelihood is the probability of a set of observations provided the value of some parameter or the set of parameters. For instance, the likelihood of the random sample of n observ
The time series for RESI1, HI1 and COOK1 have appeared again with different outlier values even though the 17 outliers found early were removed.
Play-the-winner rule is a process sometimes considered in the clinical trials in which the response to treatment is positive (a success) or negative (a failure). One of two treatm
Zero-inflated Poisson regression is the model for count data with the excess zeros. It supposes that with probability p the only possible observation is 0 and with the probabilit
Bioinformatics : Essentially the application of the information theory to biology to deal with the deluge of the information resulting from the advances in molecular biology. The m
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You may have the opportunity to buy some electronic components. These components may be reliable (1) or unreliable (2). The potential pro?ts are £10,000 if the components are rel
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