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MULTICASTING:
The answer to above problem is multicasting. It is the normal form of broadcasting. It acts like broadcasting however it does not broadcast frames automatically to the CPU.
The interface hardware is programmed in advance to receive some frames that have multicast address as the destination address. If an application needs to receive some frames then it program the interface hardware to receive an additional set of addresses.
The interface hardware frame then starts accepting three kinds of frames:
MULTICAST ADDRESSING:
We take an example of computers executing an audio program. We see that they may accept audio frames if the interface are programmed to received them and the other devices that are not running that audio programs will not waste sources
1. A systematic study of failures will help in identifying areas that may cause : i. Loss of adjacent parts/ equipment/ whole equipment. ii. Loss of production and rev
Error Detection- 2D/LRC Adds an additional character (instead of a bit) A block of bits is prearranged in a table The Parity Bit for every data unit is calculate
Can you define what is interior and exterior routing protocols?
What are Diagrams and Trigrams? The most ordinary two letter combinations are known as diagrams. e.g. th, in, er, re and an. The most common three letter combinations are known
Fully connected : It is the most powerful interconnection topology. In this every node is directly associated to all other nodes. The limitation of this network is that it needs t
Hardware difficulty of Benz Network: - Benz network uses smaller switches and it gives excellent connectivity. To find hardware difficulty of Benz network let us presume that
ARP sent the request in broadcast, response is unicast When a source sends ARP request the switch broadcast the ARP req. if it doesn't have the destination mac address in its ma
What is Bit Stuffing? Bit stuffing is the process of adding one extra 0 whenever five consecutive is follow a 0 in the data, so that the receiver does not mistake the pattern 0
A modified NRZ code known as enhanced-NRZ (E-NRZ) operates on 7-bit words; inverting bits 2,3,6 and 7; and adding one parity bit to each word. The parity bit is chosen to make the
It is possible for a datagram to generate ICMP errors after it has been fragmented. For example, suppose that each of two fragments cannot be delivered. Seemingly, this would mean
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