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MULTICASTING:
The answer to above problem is multicasting. It is the normal form of broadcasting. It acts like broadcasting however it does not broadcast frames automatically to the CPU.
The interface hardware is programmed in advance to receive some frames that have multicast address as the destination address. If an application needs to receive some frames then it program the interface hardware to receive an additional set of addresses.
The interface hardware frame then starts accepting three kinds of frames:
MULTICAST ADDRESSING:
We take an example of computers executing an audio program. We see that they may accept audio frames if the interface are programmed to received them and the other devices that are not running that audio programs will not waste sources
State about the international standardization There are many examples, certainly. Some systems for which there is international standardization include compressed disc players
telecommunication processors
802.11 Architecture ESS (Extended service set) two or more BSSs with APs connected through a distribution system (wired LAN) in an infrastructure network
Q. What is Two Types of Errors? Single-Bit Errors: Merely one bit in the data unit has changed Burst Errors of length 'n': 2 or more bits in the data unit have changed (
Configure VTP Pruning on the Switche s VTP pruning allows a VTP server to suppress IP broadcast traffic for particular VLANs to switches that do not have any ports in that VLAN.
What is multicast routing? Sending a message to a group is known as multicasting, and its routing algorithm is known as multicast routing.
Uses of fragmentation and reassembly The More bit is used for fragmentation and reassembly. If this bit is 0, then either there has been no fragmentation of this packet or this
Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocols (CHAP) CHAP as its an implies implements a form of authentication that requires a challenge and a response. A CHAP authenticator
Measure the performance (both latency and throughput) of TCP and UDP protocol stack running on a pair of PCs or Workstations in the Lab, and compare the results of your software
Give the types of firewalls Conceptually, there are two types of firewalls: 1. Network Level 2. Application Level Network Level Firewall/Packet Filters The Net
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