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Modes of Respiration
Many small organisms obtain oxygen by diffusion through their body surfaces. They do not have any specialised respiratory organs nor do they have blood circulation. Larger and more complex organisms, however, need specialised surfaces for gas exchange and a circulatory system that transports oxygen more readily than that possible by simple diffusion. Calculations based on metabolic demands and rate of diffusion in protoplasm show that simple diffusion is sufficient only to meet the demands of organisms not larger than 1 mm in diameter. These calculations appear reasonable when we see that animals like protozoans and flatworms that meet their respiratory requirements through diffusion are either quite small or have very low metabolic rates.
Giant land planarians may be 50 cm long but they are flat with very large surfaces in relation to mass, therefore, diffusion is sufficient to meet their oxygen demand. Coelentrates, corals and sponges often reach very large sizes but have very modest metabolic demands. Sponges and corals maintain a circulation of water by cilia over the surfaces of cells which line their canal systems. Thus sufficient gas exchange takes place without the aid of a circulatory system or respiratory pigments.
Fresh Water Water, a universal solvent, invariably contains many soluble salts. In fresh water the total salt content remains under 15 percent. Different types of soluble salts
Define Proteins as Enzymes? From conception to death, living cells use oxygen and metabolize fuel. Cells synthesize new products, degrade others, and generally are in a state o
RADIOISOTOPE DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE: Radioisotope diagnostic procedures include perfusion, ventilation and gallium scan. Perfusion Lung Scan Following injection of a radio
Q. Why do diabetic patients often undergo dietary sugar restriction? What are the major complications of diabetes mellitus? Diabetic patients are frequently advised to ingest f
The rRNA transcription units in E. coli hold some tRNA genes which are processed and transcribed at the time of rRNA transcription. The other tRNA genes happen in clusters of
What is the difference among living and non-living things? Living things obtain and use energy. They also grow throughout their lifetime. Living this is made of cells. Living t
Q. Explain Spoilage of Poultry and Poultry Products? Poultry meat is the muscle tissue of chicken, ducks, turkey etc. The reference to poultry meat generally is the 'dressed ch
What are the phytoplankton and the zooplankton? The Phytoplankton and the zooplankton are divisions of the plankton. The phytoplankton includes the autotrophic floating beings:
What is Coelom - Body Cavity explain? Among the bilaterally symmetrical organisms, animals have three different types of body plans with respect to body cavities. The term coel
Apomixis The formation of sporophyte from the gametophyte without sexual process signifies apomixis. It relates to the replacement of alternation of a reduced gametophyte and
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