Memory Hierarchy for Linux Systems

A cache line has one or more valid bit(s), tag entry and list of bytes in a block in one set of a cache, as shown below:

If you were a compiler-writer what type of programming structure would be important to try to ?t in a cache line, if you could? Please explain why.

Hint: we saw a lot of seemingly random nops between them during disassembly.

2. A 32-bit Linux computer with 4 GB of RAM has enough memory for physical addresses 0x0000,0000 thru 0xFFFF,FFFF. Assume it currently has 160 processes, all with stacks, and all processes think that their stack starts at address 0xC000,0000 and grow downward.

How can this be? Please explain how virtual memory makes this possible.