Median for ungrouped data, Applied Statistics

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If the data set contains an odd number of items, the middle item of the array is the median. If there is an even number of items, the median is the average of the two items. If the total of the frequencies is odd, say n, the value of the (n+1)/2th  item gives the median and when the total of the frequencies is even, say, 2n, then nth and (n + 1)th are two central items and the arithmetic mean of these two items gives the median. 

Example 

The following data relates to the sales figures of certain companies relating to the year 2000-2001:

Companies

Sales


ACC

1520

Andhra Valley

436

Excel Inds

228

Indian Hotels

239

Tata Hydro

292

Tata Power

734

Tata Tea

412

Voltas

980

Tomco

312

Tinplate Co.

256                                          

The median for the above data can be obtained as follows:

The series should first be arranged in an appropriate order. In the present case it is in descending order.

Company

Sales

Rank


ACC

1520

1

Voltas

980

2

Tata Power

734

3

Andhra Valley

436

4

Tata Tea

412

5

Tomco

312

6

Tata Hydro

292

7

Tinplate Co.

256

8

Indian Hotels

239

9

Excel Inds

228

10                                                               

Now, median is the mean of the 5th and the 6th items, i.e.  (412 + 312)/2 = 362.

Thus, the median sales value of the ten companies is 362.


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