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MARGINAL ANALYSIS
It is difficult to develop the conditional profit table when there are a large number of scenarios and possible actions. The marginal analysis approach sidesteps an unmanageable conditional profit table. We will illustrate the procedure and its advantages through the following example.
Example
The fresh from the fields, vegetable and fruit wholesalers buys, produce and then sells to retailers. Currently, green peas are available. The wholesaler pays Rs.200 per box of peas. A box sold on the same day fetches Rs.300, otherwise it has a salvage value of Rs.50. Historical data has established the following demand for green peas.
Number of boxes
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Probability
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.11
0.29
0.20
0.09
0.06
The wholesaler has decided to stock the optimal number of boxes based on the expected profit criterion.
Let us solve the problem using the conditional profit table. Note that the profit generated by the sale of one box is Rs.100 and the loss incurred on an unsold box is Rs.150.00.
Conditional Profit Table
Stocking level
Daily Demand
Expected profit
21(0.07)
22(0.08)
23(0.10)
24(0.11)
25(0.29)
26(0.20)
27(0.09)
28(0.06)
2100
1950
1800
1650
1500
1350
1200
1050
2200
2050
1900
1750
1600
1450
1300
2300
2150
2000
1850
1700
1550
2400
2250
2500
2350
2600
2450
2700
2550
2800
2100.00
2182.50
2245.00
2282.50
2292.50
2230.00
2117.50
1982.50
From the table, we see that the optimal stocking level is 25 (which generates the maximum expected profit of Rs.2,292.50).
As it can be seen, this approach is tedious and the conditional profit table is bound to become unmanageable.
Profitability Ratios Profit Margin It is a measure of the profit margin of the company. This is important to gauge the financial position of the company.
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