#mapping constraints, Database Management System

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explain the mapping constraints

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Explain the timestamps for read operations, Timestamps For Read operations:...

Timestamps For Read operations: If TS (T) If TS (T) >= W-timestamp (Q), then the transaction T is trying to read a value of data item Q which has been written and committed

Example of relational operations, Consider the relation PERSON. If you want...

Consider the relation PERSON. If you want to display details of persons having age less than or equal to 30 than the select operation will be used as follows: σ AGE The resu

Write the syntax of creating an index, Write the syntax of creating an INDE...

Write the syntax of creating an INDEX ? Syntax of Creating an Index: CREATE [BITMAP] [UNIQUE] INDEX ON ( [, ] . . .);

State the objectives-data source, You will be analysing a set of financial ...

You will be analysing a set of financial data of your choice. It is not necessary to collect any primary data of your own, and publicly available secondary data will be sufficient

Explain optimistic locking and pessimistic locking, Explain the difference ...

Explain the difference between optimistic locking and pessimistic locking. Optimistic locking supposes no transaction conflict will occur and deals with the consequences if it

Many-to-many relationship, For each m:n relationship type R, we make a new ...

For each m:n relationship type R, we make a new table (say S) to represent R. We also contain the primary key attributes of both the participating entity types as a foreign key att

What is the use of group by clause, What is the use of group by clause? ...

What is the use of group by clause? Group by clause is used to be relevant aggregate functions to a set of tuples. The attributes given in the group by clause are used to shape

What is the disadvantage of a call by reference, What is the disadvantage o...

What is the disadvantage of a call by reference? During a call by reference damage or loss of data is not restricted to the subroutine, but will instantly lead to alters to th

What is oracle databse structure, What is Oracle databse structure? Or...

What is Oracle databse structure? Oracle database structure: The relational model has three main aspects: Structures: Structures are well-defined objects which store th

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