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Double sided printed circuit boards are used where a complex circuit with more number of ICs is to be accommodated. For preparing double sided PCB, base material has copper-clad on both the sides. The connection from one side of the board are taken to the other side using a plated through holes. Thus, the difference in processing a double sided PCB is processing of plated through hole. Initially base material is selected as copper clad and pre drilling is necessary. The copper clad is coated with photo resist. The positive of the artwork is kept pressed with copper clad and exposed to ultra violet light. This process protects part of the board from being plated. This process is known as masking. The exposed unwanted part of the artwork forms precipitate. Plating should be done through holes and around them on both sides of the boards. The exposed board is cleaned with various acids, and then dipped in SnCl2 activation solution. The unexposed part is activated. The board is tinned by electrolysis. The holes and track are tinned. Then the board is developed in developer to remove the precipitate on the unwanted part. Final finish is then gives to the board by cutting it in required shape.
An air stream is saturated with a vapor (B) at 130°F and 1 atm pressure. It is cooled down to 80°F where some of the B is condensed and separated from the vapor stream. The remai
Q. A beam of light converges at a point P. Now a lens is placed in the path of the convergent beam 12 cm from P. At what point does the beam converge if the lens is (a)a convex len
If the angle of incidence is 60 degrees,then what is the angle of deviation?
Conductor: Conductors are those substances which permit electric current to passes easily by them. e.g. Metal, impure, water etc.
The output of an OR gate is linked to both the inputs of a NAND gate. Draw the logic circuit of this combination of getes and write its truth table. Illustrate a plot of potent
create and sketch an equipment to conserve energy
Derive a mathematical expression for the period of oscillation of a bar magnet in vibration magnetometer. How do you differentiate Dia, Para and Ferromagnetisms in matter.
In physics, the phrase thermal equilibrium is used sometimes in the common parlance of the ordinary language of physical discourse, and sometimes as a specialized technical term in
An automobile fuel tank is filled to the brim with45 L of gasoline (12 gal) at 20°C.Immediately afterward, the vehicle is parked in the sunlight, where the temperature is 45°C. How
If a traveling wave is a sin or cos function of (x± vt) the wave than it is said to be harmonic or plane progressive wave.
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