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Manipulating Individual ElementsFaraway you have manipulated an entire collection. Within the SQL, to manipulate the individual elements of the collection, and then use the operator TABLE. The operand of TABLE is a subquery which returns a single column value for you to manipulate. That the value is the nested table or the varray.In the illustration below, you add a row to the History Department nested table stored in the column courses:BEGININSERT INTOTABLE(SELECT courses FROM department WHERE name = ’History’)VALUES(3340, ’Modern China’, 4);END;In the next illustration, you revise the number of credits for two courses offered by the Psychology Department:DECLAREadjustment INTEGER DEFAULT 1;BEGINUPDATE TABLE(SELECT courses FROM departmentWHERE name = ’Psychology’)SET credits = credits + adjustmentWHERE course_no IN (2200, 3540);END;In the following illustration, you retrieve the number and the title of a specific course offered by the History Department:DECLAREmy_course_no NUMBER(4);my_title VARCHAR2(35);BEGINSELECT course_no, title INTO my_course_no, my_titleFROM TABLE(SELECT courses FROM departmentWHERE name = ’History’)WHERE course_no = 3105;...END;In the next illustration, you delete all 5-credit courses offered by the English Department:BEGINDELETE TABLE(SELECT courses FROM departmentWHERE name = ’English’)WHERE credits = 5;END;In the following illustration, you recover the title and cost of the Maintenance Department’s fourth project from the varray column projects:DECLAREmy_cost NUMBER(7,2);my_title VARCHAR2(35);BEGINSELECT cost, title INTO my_cost, my_titleFROM TABLE(SELECT projects FROM departmentWHERE dept_id = 50)WHERE project_no = 4;...END;Presently, you cannot reference the individual elements of a varray in an UPDATE, INSERT, or DELETE statement. And hence, you should use the PL/SQL procedural statements. In the illustration below, the stored procedure add_project inserts a new project into the department’s project list at a given position a shown:CREATE PROCEDURE add_project (dept_no IN NUMBER,new_project IN Project,position IN NUMBER) ASmy_projects ProjectList;BEGINSELECT projects INTO my_projects FROM departmentWHERE dept_no = dept_id FOR UPDATE OF projects;my_projects.EXTEND; -- make room for new project/* Move varray elements forward. */FOR i IN REVERSE position..my_projects.LAST - 1 LOOPmy_projects(i + 1) := my_projects(i);END LOOP;my_projects(position) := new_project; -- add new projectUPDATE department SET projects = my_projectsWHERE dept_no = dept_id;END add_project;The stored procedure updates below for a given project is:CREATE PROCEDURE update_project (dept_no IN NUMBER,proj_no IN NUMBER,new_title IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL,new_cost IN NUMBER DEFAULT NULL) ASmy_projects ProjectList;BEGINSELECT projects INTO my_projects FROM departmentWHERE dept_no = dept_id FOR UPDATE OF projects;/* Find project, update it, then exit loop immediately. */FOR i IN my_projects.FIRST..my_projects.LAST LOOPIF my_projects(i).project_no = proj_no THENIF new_title IS NOT NULL THENmy_projects(i).title := new_title;END IF;IF new_cost IS NOT NULL THENmy_projects(i).cost := new_cost;END IF;EXIT;END IF;END LOOP;UPDATE department SET projects = my_projectsWHERE dept_no = dept_id;END update_project;
Parameter and Keyword Description: type_name: This identifies a user-defined type specifier that is used in the subsequent declarations of the objects. AUTHID Clause:
EXECUTE Privilege To call an invoker-rights routine straightforwardly, the users should have the EXECUTE privilege on that routine. By yielding the privilege, you permit a user
Using the FORALL Statement The keyword FORALL instruct the PL/SQL engine to bulk-bind input collections before sending them all to the SQL engine. Though the FORALL statement
Example of Alternative formulation as a table constraint Example: Alternative formulation as a table constraint ALTER TABLE EXAM_MARK ADD CONSTRAINT Must_be_enrolled_to_
Majority of Differences among 9i, 10G, 11G :- These are some combine feature which has differences among others. Automatic Workload Repository (AWR) Drop database' s
Data Types and Representations This explains the concept possible representation, abbreviated possrep, and explains how these can be used in conjunction with constraints to de
OPEN-FOR Statement The OPEN-FOR statements execute the multi-row query related with a cursor variable. It also allocates the resources used by the Oracle to process the query a
Create a view named CustomerAddresses that shows the shipping and billing addresses for each customer in the MyGuitarShop database. This view should return these columns from the
Methods: In normal, a method is a subprogram declared in an object type specification using the keyword MEMBER or STATIC. The method cannot have similar name as the object typ
Built-In Functions The PL/SQL provides a lot of powerful functions to help you to manipulate the data. These built-in functions fall into the categories as shown below: error r
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