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Manipulating Individual ElementsFaraway you have manipulated an entire collection. Within the SQL, to manipulate the individual elements of the collection, and then use the operator TABLE. The operand of TABLE is a subquery which returns a single column value for you to manipulate. That the value is the nested table or the varray.In the illustration below, you add a row to the History Department nested table stored in the column courses:BEGININSERT INTOTABLE(SELECT courses FROM department WHERE name = ’History’)VALUES(3340, ’Modern China’, 4);END;In the next illustration, you revise the number of credits for two courses offered by the Psychology Department:DECLAREadjustment INTEGER DEFAULT 1;BEGINUPDATE TABLE(SELECT courses FROM departmentWHERE name = ’Psychology’)SET credits = credits + adjustmentWHERE course_no IN (2200, 3540);END;In the following illustration, you retrieve the number and the title of a specific course offered by the History Department:DECLAREmy_course_no NUMBER(4);my_title VARCHAR2(35);BEGINSELECT course_no, title INTO my_course_no, my_titleFROM TABLE(SELECT courses FROM departmentWHERE name = ’History’)WHERE course_no = 3105;...END;In the next illustration, you delete all 5-credit courses offered by the English Department:BEGINDELETE TABLE(SELECT courses FROM departmentWHERE name = ’English’)WHERE credits = 5;END;In the following illustration, you recover the title and cost of the Maintenance Department’s fourth project from the varray column projects:DECLAREmy_cost NUMBER(7,2);my_title VARCHAR2(35);BEGINSELECT cost, title INTO my_cost, my_titleFROM TABLE(SELECT projects FROM departmentWHERE dept_id = 50)WHERE project_no = 4;...END;Presently, you cannot reference the individual elements of a varray in an UPDATE, INSERT, or DELETE statement. And hence, you should use the PL/SQL procedural statements. In the illustration below, the stored procedure add_project inserts a new project into the department’s project list at a given position a shown:CREATE PROCEDURE add_project (dept_no IN NUMBER,new_project IN Project,position IN NUMBER) ASmy_projects ProjectList;BEGINSELECT projects INTO my_projects FROM departmentWHERE dept_no = dept_id FOR UPDATE OF projects;my_projects.EXTEND; -- make room for new project/* Move varray elements forward. */FOR i IN REVERSE position..my_projects.LAST - 1 LOOPmy_projects(i + 1) := my_projects(i);END LOOP;my_projects(position) := new_project; -- add new projectUPDATE department SET projects = my_projectsWHERE dept_no = dept_id;END add_project;The stored procedure updates below for a given project is:CREATE PROCEDURE update_project (dept_no IN NUMBER,proj_no IN NUMBER,new_title IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL,new_cost IN NUMBER DEFAULT NULL) ASmy_projects ProjectList;BEGINSELECT projects INTO my_projects FROM departmentWHERE dept_no = dept_id FOR UPDATE OF projects;/* Find project, update it, then exit loop immediately. */FOR i IN my_projects.FIRST..my_projects.LAST LOOPIF my_projects(i).project_no = proj_no THENIF new_title IS NOT NULL THENmy_projects(i).title := new_title;END IF;IF new_cost IS NOT NULL THENmy_projects(i).cost := new_cost;END IF;EXIT;END IF;END LOOP;UPDATE department SET projects = my_projectsWHERE dept_no = dept_id;END update_project;
INSERT Command in SQL Loosely speaking, INSERT takes the rows of a given source table and adds them to the specified target table, retaining all the existing rows in the targ
Use the MASCOT tables CREDITRS, PORDS and PAYMENTS to write SQL queries to solve the following business problems. These tables / data are available to you via the USQ Oracle server
1. Create a procedure called TAX_COST_SP to accomplish the tax calculation task. Keep in mind that the state and subtotal values are inputs into the procedure and the procedure is
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Package Body: The package specification is implemented by the package body. That is, the package body has the definition of every cursor and the subprogram declared in the pac
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At times, customers make mistakes in submitting their orders and call to cancel the order. Brewbean’s wants to create a trigger that automatically updates the stock level of all pr
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LEVEL You use the LEVEL with the SELECT CONNECT BY statement to categorize rows from a database table into a tree structure. The LEVEL returns the level number of a node in a
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