Malloc and calloc function, Operating System

Assignment Help:

Note that the parameter for scanf doesn't need the address operators & because name is an address. However the variable name has no defined space. This can cause problems within C and we really should define the space .Within C we can allocate space by means of character array or system functions namely malloc, free and calloc.If we declare a character array, it also reserves the space required for that string (After all a string is a collection i.e. array of characters). Therefore the program becomes

    #include stdio.h
    void main()
    {
    char prompt;
    /*Author : Mr James Mc Carren  
    Company: Staffordshire University  
     Date: 26th August 2012  
    Version 1.0  
    Function : String storing using static storage       
     Modifications:   none*/
    char name[20];
    scanf("%s",name);
    printf("your name is %s \n\r",name);  
    printf("Press and key to exit \n\r");
    scanf("\n%c",&prompt);
    }
This allocates 20 spaces to the string name, however if we wish to input a 50 character  string , we would need to re-compile the program , an alternative is to use Malloc/Free .Malloc checks during run time whether there is enough  space left and if there is it allocated it while Free  releases the space allocated to a variable .The syntax for malloc/Free is  
 
     variable = ( char *)malloc(char size);
     free(variable);
 
Therefore the program becomes
 
    #include stdio.h
    #include stdlib.h
    void main()
    {
    char prompt;
   
     Date: 26th August 2012 
    Version 1.0 
    Function : String storing using dynamic allocation       
     Modifications:   none*/
      char *name;
      name = (char *)malloc(20);
      if (name == NULL) 
      {
      printf("Cannot allocate memory\n\r");
      exit(1);
      }
      scanf("%s",name);
      printf("your name is %s \n\r",name); 

      free(name);  
    printf("Press and key to exit \n\r");
    scanf("\n%c",&prompt);
    }

  Because Malloc allocates memory dynamically, we must place a trap routine to detect when the microprocessor cannot allocate memory (i.e. memory full), in this case malloc returns a NULL character back as the address of the variable i.e. This routine would detect the NULL character and exit the program .Note that malloced space is similar to a variable in that its life span is automatically terminated when a free command is used or the function where it was allocated ends no matter what you make read - this is not the case in C++  
 
      if (name == NULL) 
      {
      printf("Cannot allocate memory\n\r");
      exit(1);
      }
 
Therefore we could allocate a scratch pad of memory using malloc and we can poke around in that
area e.g.
 
  #include
    #include
    void main()
    { 
    char prompt;  
  
     Date: 26th August 2012
    Version 1.0 
Function : Dynamic allocation  of windows pointr area i.e segmented memory     
     Modifications:   none*/
 
      char *name;
      unsigned long int address;
      unsigned char *add;
      unsigned char data;
      name = (char *)malloc(0x4000);
      if (name == NULL) 
      {
      printf("Cannot allocate memory\n\r");
      exit(1);
      }
printf("Your segment area is %08lx to %08lx\n\r",name,name+(unsigned long int)0x4000);
printf("Please enter in the address  you want to read in the segment area\n\r");
scanf("%lx",&address);
add = (unsigned char *)address;
data = *add;
printf("The data at the address %08lx is %02x\n\r",address,data); 
printf("Press and key to exit \n\r");
scanf("\n%c",&prompt);
}


Related Discussions:- Malloc and calloc function

Explain single level directory structure, Single level directory: This ...

Single level directory: This is the easiest directory structure. All the files are controlled in the same directory, which is simple to support and understand. Few of the li

What is segmentation?, What is segmentation? In a segmented memory mana...

What is segmentation? In a segmented memory management scheme a programmer views a program to be collection of program components called as segments. Every segment is a logical

Deadlock detection, Deadlocks can be detected while the program is running,...

Deadlocks can be detected while the program is running, by running cycle detection algorithms on the graph that de?nes the current use of resources. De?ne this graph as follows:

Android development, Developing an application for android encompass differ...

Developing an application for android encompass different steps as follows: Setup:  Development environment is prepared during this phase. This includes downloading and installi

Define process swapping , Swapping : Whole process is moved from the swap...

Swapping : Whole process is moved from the swap machine to the main memory for execution. Process size must be equal or less than to the used main memory. It is easier to exe

Define analysis for syntactic structure of source statement, An analysis, w...

An analysis, which defines the syntactic structure of the source statement, is known as Syntax analysis defines the syntactic structure of the source statement

Convert the hex to binary, Convert the following from hex to binary and dra...

Convert the following from hex to binary and draw it on the memory map.     RAM    = 0000 -> 00FF     EPROM = FF00  -> FFFF Answer:   0000  0000 0000  0000 (0)    RAM sta

Explain file control list and user control list, Q. Researchers have recom...

Q. Researchers have recommended that instead of having an access list associated with each file (specifying which users can access the file and how) we should have a user control

How program execute in operating system, Q. How Program execute in operatin...

Q. How Program execute in operating system? Program execution- The operating system fills the contents (or sections) of a file into memory as well as begins its execution. A us

Fundamental of operating system, An operating system provides the environme...

An operating system provides the environment within that programs are executed. Internally operating systems differ greatly in their makeup because they are organized along many di

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd