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Mail Message Format
When an e mail is sent from one person to another a header containing peripheral information precedes the body of the message itself. This contained information is contained in a series of header lines. The header liens and the body of the message are separated by a blank line. Each header line contains readable ext consisting of a keyword followed by a colon followed by value. some of the keyword are required and others are optional. Every header must have a from header line and a to header line a header may include a subject header line as well as other optional header liens a message header looks like this.
The to field gives the address of the primary recipient. Having multiple recipients is also allowed. The cc field gives the addresses of any secondary recipients. In terms of delivery there is o distinction between the primary and secondary recipients. The terms cc ( carbon copy0 is a bit dated since computers do not use cardoon paper but it is well established. The Bcc( Billed carbon copy) field is like the cc field except that this line is deleted from all the copies sent to the primary and secondary recipients. This feature allows people to send copies to third parties without the primary and secondary recipients knowing this. The next two field from and sender tell who wrote and sent the message respectively. A line containing received is added by each message transfer agent along the way. The lien contains the agents identify the date and data and time the message was received and other information that can be used for finding bugs in the routing systems. The return path field is added by the final message transfer agent and was intended to tell how to get back to the sender.
Sole Access Protocol The atomic operations, which have conflicts, are handled using sole access protocol. The process used for synchronization in this protocol is given below:
Sonet Frame Transaction Transmitted one subsequent to another without any gap in between. First 2 bytes - alignment bytes. F628 in Hex. - define the beginning of every
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REPEATERS: Repeaters are needed when copper wire communication is takes place. According to the fact that electrical signal goes weaker while travelling over copper lines. A
Point out the disadvantages of Ring Topology. The drawbacks of ring topologies are: a. It is considerably complex to install and reconfigure ring topology b. Media failur
A multimeter is used to measure a sinusoidal signal and reads 2V RMS; what is the peak-to-peak voltage of the signal? A mark will be deducted if you do not quote your answer to 2 s
Explain Design issues of network operating system
What common software problems can lead to network defects? Software related problems can be any or a combination of the following: - Client server problems - Application
A logical circuit that is created by Virtual channel links. It carries data among two endpoints in a network. The one more name for Virtual Channel is Virtual Circuit.
Illustrate the products based on Socks protocol There are a number of products based on SOCKS specifications such as Auto SOCKS available in the market. The latest version is S
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