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Lyme diseaseIt is a metazoonoses caused by a spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi. The disease based on the specific symptoms, is also known as erythema migrans (ECM) or lyme arthritis.
Epidemiology: The disease is widely prevalent in parts of the world including Asia. These spirochaetes are transmitted by the infected ticks of genus Ixodes, mainly I. ricinus, I. dammini and I. pacificus. Besides human, the infection has been reported from dog, equine and rodents.
Clinical symptoms: The clinical symptoms include fever, malaise, arthralgia,headache and myalgia. Eerythema, macule, papule appear along with complaints of stiff neck and arthritis. There may be lymphadenopathy, meningoencephalitis and myocarditis.
Diagnosis: A tentative diagnosis can be made on the basis of clinical symptoms along with history of patient. B. burgdorferi can be isolated using Kelley’s medium and can be observed under dark field microscopy or the organisms can also be confirmed by fluorescence antibody technique. ELISA and immunoflurescence assay is used for serodiagnosis. Nucleic acid based diagnosis like PCR may be used for rapid and accurate diagnosis.
Fatty acid breakdown happens in the cytosol of prokaryotes in plants in peroxisomes and in the mitochondrial matrix of all other eukaryotes. By entering the mitochondrial matrix,
Light and Distribution We have mentioned in the beginning that the variation in the amount of light generally affects the global and local distribution of plants and animals. L
This problem set is a little different, in that it is one large project/problem. To answer it, you must write a short single-spaced typed report of 4-5 pages MAXIMUM. Here is the p
ROLE OF NaCl - It forms .9% of blood of mammal. It forms .7% of blood of frog. Bicarbonates of Na+ act as buffer for pH constancy. Involved in active transport of gluc
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Disposal : You must always sterilize cultures and contaminated instruments and glassware before disposing them of or before washing-up. Usually, you can do this by autoclaving or
Epidemiology The organism does not appear to be very host or tissue specific and can infect naturally a large number of avian and mammalian species. Chlamydiosis has been reco
DEFICIENCY DISEASES Animals may suffer from diseases caused by deficiencies of energy and proteins, mineral nutrients and vitamins, which generally occur either due to deficiency
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