Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Lower Respiratory Tract:
Trachea:
Trachea or windpipe is 12 cm long, 2.5 cm in diameter lying in front of the esophagus and ends opposite the fourth dorsal vertebrae where it divides into main bronchi. It consists of a number of c-shaped rings of cartilage connected byfibrous tissues and having the opening of the C posteriorly. The hnction of the rings of cartilage is to keep trachea open and prevent the collapse of the wall like those of the esophagus. It is lined with ciliated columnar epithelium and cells which secrete mucus.
Bronchi and Bronchioles:
Trachea ends by bifurcating into right and left bronchi at the carina, the level of fourth dorsal vertebra. Each bronchus passes to the corresponding lung. From each main bronchus smaller bronchi are given off, like branches of a tree, and the smallest bronchi is called bronchioles. The structure of the bronchi is similar to that of the bronchi, but they contain no cartilaginous loops, instead there are more muscle fibers. Mucus is secreted by goblet cells interspersed between the ciliated cells and by sub-mucosal mucus-secreting glands.
Each bronchioles terminate in an alveolar sac made up of number of air pockets wihc are lined with delicate layer of flattened epithelial cells and are surrounded by network of capillaries through the walls of which interchange of gasses takes place. Blood in the capillaries is brought by the pulmonary artery from the right ventricle and drained into the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. Alveoli which number 300 millions in adults are minute sacs that arise from the walls of the respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts. The alveolus is composed of a single layer of squamous epithelium and elastic basement membrane. These two layers together with the interstitium and the endothelial and basement layers of the adjacent capillary, from the alveolar-capillary membrane or interface. It is across this membrane diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs. The structure of millions alveoli provides a large surface area for gaseous diffusion to occur. In addition to this respiratory hnction the alveoli prevent lung collapse by producting surfactant, a phospholipid that decreases surface tension and prevents intersititial fluid from transferring into the lung space.
Zinc (Zn) - Micronutrients In its function in some enzyme systems, zn 2+ resembles Mn 2+ in that it brings about substrate binding and conformational changes in enzymes. A n
Define Estimation of protein by Carcass nitrogen analysis method? Carcass nitrogen analysis: This method includes Nitrogen retention method Net protein utilization
Explain False Left Ventricular Aneurysm? False Left Ventricular Aneurysm : False aneurysm develops after acute rupture of an infarct. It is usually fatal, but a few survive
Why is carbon monoxide toxic for humans? Hemoglobin "likes" carbon monoxide (CO) much more than it likes oxygen. When there is carbon monoxide in the inhaled air it binds to he
Define Nutritional Demands of Sports and Dietary Recommendations? There is a strong relationship between nutritional status and physical training. Whether it is to maintain hea
How would you design, in principle, an experiment to test the hypothesis that a particular variety of lettuce seed required daylight in order to germinate You would requi
In interspecific sterility, the failure in mating occurs because of inability of the sperm to reach the egg in animals and the pollen to reach ovules in plants. In plailts interspe
Define Biosystematics - Animal Taxonomy Biosystematics is basically synonymous with systematic, though it places more emphasis upon genetic (concerning inheritance) and cytolog
Q. List the areas of educating a diabetic patient? 1 Self monitoring of Blood -glucose 2 Urine testing 3 Hypoglycaemia 4 Self Administration of Insulin 5 Foot Care
Explain about the cyclamate - artificial sweeteners? Another sweetener is cyclamate (sodium cyclohexylsulphamate). Have a look at its structure as shown in the figure. It is on
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd