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Loop LabelsLike the PL/SQL blocks, loops can also be labeled. The label, an undeclared identifier enclosed by double angle brackets, should appear at the beginning of the LOOP statement, as shown:<>LOOPsequence_of_statementsEND LOOP;Optionally, the label name can also come out at the end of the LOOP statement, as the illustration below shows:<>LOOP...END LOOP my_loop;If you nest labeled loops, you can use the ending label names to improve the readability. With either form of the EXIT statement, you cannot complete only the current loop, but also any of the enclosing loops. Merely, label the enclosing loop that you want to done. Then, use the label in an EXIT statement, as shown:<>LOOP...LOOP...EXIT outer WHEN ... -- exit both loopsEND LOOP;...END LOOP outer;
Query: SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1; Select 5 columns and all rows from one table Query: SELECT C_ID, COMPANY, BUILDING, DEPARTMENT, BRANCH FROM CONTRACT;
Advantages of Subprograms The Subprograms give extensibility; that is, tailor the PL/SQL language to suit your requirements. For illustration, if you require a procedure which
Case Sensitivity Similar to all the identifiers, the variables, the names of constants, and parameters are not case sensitive. For illustration, PL/SQL considers the following n
Data Types and Representations This explains the concept possible representation, abbreviated possrep, and explains how these can be used in conjunction with constraints to de
Use the NOCOPY Compiler Hint By default, the OUT and IN OUT parameters are passed by the value i.e. the value of an IN OUT actual parameter is copied into the corresponding fo
Using the Collection Methods The collection methods below help to generalize the code and make collections easier to use and also make your applications easier to maintain:
Use Bulk Binds If SQL statements execute inside a loop using the collection elements as bind variables, context switching between the PL/SQL & SQL engines can slow down the ex
Loop Labels Like the PL/SQL blocks, loops can also be labeled. The label, an undeclared identifier enclosed by double angle brackets, should appear at the beginning of the LOOP
Fetching from a Cursor Variable The FETCH statement retrieve rows one at a time from the product set of a multi-row query. The syntax for the same is as shown: FETCH {curso
Defining Autonomous Transactions To define an autonomous transaction, you use the pragma (compiler directive) AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION. The pragma instructs the PL/SQL compiler
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