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LEVEL
You use the LEVEL with the SELECT CONNECT BY statement to categorize rows from a database table into a tree structure. The LEVEL returns the level number of a node in a tree structure. The root is at level 1, children of the root are at level 2, and grandchildren are at level 3, and so on.
You specify the direction in which the query walks the tree with the PRIOR operator. In the START WITH phrase, you specify a condition which identifies the root of the tree.
Example of Null operator - NiNo Rule If we wanted to make HIGHER_OF adhere to "NULL in, NULL out"-let's call it the NiNo rule-we would have to write something like what is sho
Assignment of Variable - Updating a Variable Syntax: SET SN = SID ('S2'); This can obviously be read as "set the variable SN to be equal in value to SID ( 'S2' )".
Example of NOT EXISTS in SQL Example: Use of NOT EXISTS CREATE ASSERTION Must_be_enrolled_to_take_exam_alternative1 CHECK ( NOT EXISTS (SELECT StudentId, CourseId
SQL Pseudocolumns The PL/SQL recognizes the following SQL pseudocolumns, that returns the specific data items: LEVEL, NEXTVAL, CURRVAL, ROWID, & ROWNUM. The Pseudocolumns are n
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Short-Circuit Evaluation When computing a logical expression, the PL/SQL uses short-circuit evaluation. That is, the PL/SQL stops computing the expression as soon as the result
Usefulness of Data Type In SQL, as in most computer languages, a type can be used for constraining the values that are permitted to be used for some purpose. In particular, i
Mixed Notation The fourth procedure call shows that you can mix the positional and named notation. In this situation, the first parameter uses the positional notation, & the s
Advantages of Wrapping The PL/SQL Wrapper convert the PL/SQL source code into a transitional form of the object code. By hiding the application internals, the Wrapper secure
Package Body: The package specification is implemented by the package body. That is, the package body has the definition of every cursor and the subprogram declared in the pac
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