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LEVEL
You use the LEVEL with the SELECT CONNECT BY statement to categorize rows from a database table into a tree structure. The LEVEL returns the level number of a node in a tree structure. The root is at level 1, children of the root are at level 2, and grandchildren are at level 3, and so on.
You specify the direction in which the query walks the tree with the PRIOR operator. In the START WITH phrase, you specify a condition which identifies the root of the tree.
IN OUT Mode An IN OUT parameter passes initial values to the subprogram being called and return efficient values to the caller. Within the subprogram, an IN OUT parameter acts
UNION ALL - SQL Further varieties of UNION arise when we replace the key word DISTINCT by ALL in any of the foregoing examples, as in Example. ALL specifies that if row r appe
%TYPE: This attribute gives the datatype of a formerly declared collection, cursor variable, object, field, record, database column, or variable. Datatype: This is simply
Using Host Arrays The Client-side programs can use anonymous PL/SQL blocks to bulk-bind input and output host arrays. However, this is the well-organized way to pass the colle
Cursor Variables Similar to a cursor, cursor variable points to the current row in the result set of a multi-row query. But, dissimilar a cursor, a cursor variable can be opene
User-Defined Exceptions The PL/SQL defines the exceptions of your own. Dissimilar to the predefined exceptions, the user-defined exceptions should be declared and should be rai
Keyword and Parameter Description: label_name: This is an undeclared identifier which optionally labels the PL/SQL block. When used, label_name should be enclosed by the do
Table Represents an Extension - SQL It describes how each tuple in a relation represents a true instantiation of some predicate and each true instantiation is represented by s
The SQL ‘CREATE TABLE' scripts for all the tables you have implemented. Note that your tables must correspond exactly to the ERD you have provided in 1. above, or you will lose ma
Benefit of the dynamic SQL: This part shows you how to take full benefit of the dynamic SQL and how to keep away from some of the common pitfalls. Passing the Names of Sc
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