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LEVEL
You use the LEVEL with the SELECT CONNECT BY statement to categorize rows from a database table into a tree structure. The LEVEL returns the level number of a node in a tree structure. The root is at level 1, children of the root are at level 2, and grandchildren are at level 3, and so on.
You specify the direction in which the query walks the tree with the PRIOR operator. In the START WITH phrase, you specify a condition which identifies the root of the tree.
Name Resolution In potentially uncertain SQL statements, the names of the database columns take precedence over the names of the local variables and formal parameters. For e.g.
Example of WRAP Operator - SQL The effect of Example can be obtained in SQL but note that one needs to write down not only the names of the columns being wrapped but also the
Usefulness of Data Type In SQL, as in most computer languages, a type can be used for constraining the values that are permitted to be used for some purpose. In particular, i
Package Specification The package specifications contain the public declarations. The scopes of these declarations are local to your database representation and global to the
What Are Subprograms? The Subprograms are named PL/SQL blocks which can take parameters and be invoked. The PL/SQL has 2 types of subprograms known as the procedure s and func
Assignment Statement: The assignment statement sets the present value of the variable, parameter, field, or element. The statement consists of an assignment target followed by
Updating a Variable Assignment of an attribute value in a variable of a structured type Synatx: SET SN.C = 'S2'; As in Example the entire statement is equivalent to a
Functions The function is a subprogram that calculates a value. The Functions and procedures are structured similar, except that the functions have a RETURN clause. You can
V ariables and Constants in PL/SQL The PL/SQL permits you to declare constants and variables, and then use them in SQL and procedural statements anywhere in the expression. Th
Substitution and Instantiation - SQL It shows how NULL might appear in substitution for a parameter of a predicate and how it might thus participate in instantiation of that p
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