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LEVEL
You use the LEVEL with the SELECT CONNECT BY statement to categorize rows from a database table into a tree structure. The LEVEL returns the level number of a node in a tree structure. The root is at level 1, children of the root are at level 2, and grandchildren are at level 3, and so on.
You specify the direction in which the query walks the tree with the PRIOR operator. In the START WITH phrase, you specify a condition which identifies the root of the tree.
UNNEST operator in SQL The inverse operator of GROUP is UNGROUP. SQL has an operator, UNNEST, that can be used for similar purposes, but its method of invocation is somewhat p
Closest Approximation to Relational Union - SQL Actually, just as SQL has several varieties of JOIN, it also has several varieties of UNION, none of which is equivalent to th
Using PRIOR and NEXT The PRIOR(n) returns the index number that precede index n in a collection. The NEXT(n) returns the index number which succeed the index n. If n has no pr
Third Step at defining type SID in SQL CREATE DOMAIN SID AS VARCHAR(5) CHECK ( VALUE IS NOT NULL AND SUBSTRING(VALUE FROM 1 FOR 1) = 'S' AND CAST('+'||SUBSTRING(VALUE
Assignments in pl/sql The Variables and constants are initialized every time a block or subprogram is entered. By default, the variables are initialized to NULL. Therefore, unle
IN OUT Mode An IN OUT parameter passes initial values to the subprogram being called and return efficient values to the caller. Within the subprogram, an IN OUT parameter acts
Predefined Exceptions The internal exception is raised implicitly whenever your PL/SQL program exceeds a system-dependent limit or violates an Oracle rule. Each & every Oracle
Substitution and Instantiation - SQL It shows how NULL might appear in substitution for a parameter of a predicate and how it might thus participate in instantiation of that p
Projection in SQL - correct version Student StudentId is enrolled on some course. SELECT DISTINCT StudentId FROM IS_ENROLLED_ON In more complicated examples it is someti
Set Operators The Set operators combine the results of the two queries into one result. The INTERSECT returns all the distinct rows selected by both queries. The MINUS returns
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