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LEVEL
You use the LEVEL with the SELECT CONNECT BY statement to categorize rows from a database table into a tree structure. The LEVEL returns the level number of a node in a tree structure. The root is at level 1, children of the root are at level 2, and grandchildren are at level 3, and so on.
You specify the direction in which the query walks the tree with the PRIOR operator. In the START WITH phrase, you specify a condition which identifies the root of the tree.
Using Operator REF: You can retrieve refs by using the operator REF that, like VALUE, takes as its argument a correlation variable. In the illustration below, you retrieve one
COMMIT Statement The COMMIT statement explicitly makes everlasting changes to the database during the present transaction. The Changes made to the database are not considered e
Using PRIOR and NEXT The PRIOR(n) returns the index number that precede index n in a collection. The NEXT(n) returns the index number which succeed the index n. If n has no pr
Multiple Assignment- SQL SQL supports multiple assignment to local variables and also applies multiple assignment semantics in SET clauses of UPDATE statements, but does not
Using the BULK COLLECT Clause The keywords BULK COLLECT specify the SQL engine to bulk-bind output collections before returning them to the PL/SQL engine. You can use these ke
Tables within a Table - SQL Figure here is an exact copy of the one in the theory book and as before it is just an alternative way of representing some of the information con
Avoiding Collection Exceptions In many cases, if you reference a nonexistent collection element, then PL/SQL raises a predefined exception. Consider the illustration shown b
Effects of NULL for UNIQUE Specification When a UNIQUE specification u for base table t includes a column c that is not subject to a NOT NULL constraint, the appearance of sev
%ROWTYPE: This attribute gives a record type which represents a row in the database table or a row fetched from a formerly declared cursor. The Fields in the record and corresp
DELETE Statement The DELETE statement eliminates whole rows of data from the specified table or view. Syntax:
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