1 According to John Calvin, the elect were a. leaders of the Catholic Church b. intellectual leaders of the Reformation c. the individuals chosen for salvation d. all Protestants e. none of the above

2. The key feature of Newton's system was the law of a. planetary motion b. universal gravitation c. reciprocity d. constant acceleration e. equivalence of mass and energy

3. All of the following were causes of the Scientific Revolution except a. the active support of the Roman Catholic Pope b. the contribution of universities c. improvements of scientific instruments d. all of the above helped cause the Scientific Revolution e. none of the above were causes of the Scientific Revolution.

3. Leonardo da Vinci gained his knowledge of human anatomy...
a. by studying Renaissance architecture that was based upon human form and proportion.
b. by dissecting cadavers.
c. reading the classics.
d. by sketching classical sculpture.
e. none of the above

4. An indulgence is
a. something sold by the Catholic Church that bought one prayers to reduce time in purgatory
b. the term used to describe the patronage of an artist by the pope
c. a prayer that releases a person's soul from hell
d. a not guilty verdict in a Renaissance court
e. a decree from the Catholic Church that allows one to marry another person, even though they are closely related

5. Following the death of her half-sister Mary, Queen Elizabeth I of England pursued which of the following religious policies?
a. She followed her father's example and refused to embrace either Protestantism or Catholicism.
b. She followed Mary's policy by keeping England within the Catholic Church.
c. She began a massive persecution of Catholics on the charge of heresy.
d. She broke with Rome and established a moderate Protestant church.
e. She refused to discuss religion

6. Which of the following best describes Luther's position on the social questions of his day?
a. He wanted to see marked improvements in the lives of the peasantry.
b. He led peasant revolts to liberate the oppressed
c. He was socially conservative, but also did not want to upset the princes who protected him
d. He feared that his religious reforms would fail unless they were combined with a program to address social concerns.
e. He blamed the Catholic Church for maintaining a spiritual as well as social hierarchy.

Section B: Fill in the Blank More than one word might be necessary to answer each question. There are 7 blanks worth 2 points each.
1. The political essay known as ________argued that rulers should not worry about moral issues in governing.

2. Pardons signed by the pope that supposedly excused the buyer from doing penance, shortened the stay in purgatory, and could release a friend or relative from purgatory were known as ______________.

3. Calvin believed that only the ____________ would be saved and go to heaven. His doctrine in which some are saved and others not is known as ___________________.

4.The monk _____________ attacked the sale of indulgences, clerical celibacy, and advocated for a translation of the Bible.

5. The French theologian and lawyer _____________wrote the Institutes of Christianity and argued for strict discipline and rule by the Elect.

6. The Roman Catholic Church called a meeting known as the _____________ to reform and counter the Reformation.