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In real life, the operation of simple multiplier is affected by many leakages. Leakages in the multiplier arise out of the following reasons:(1) Saving: If all the income is spent on consumption, then every increase in investment will raise the level of income. But, if a large proportion of the income is kept as saving, it will certainly have different effect on the intensity of multiplier.(2) Debt Cancellation: If the people use a large proportion of their income in debt repayment, they will have smaller amount of income left for consumption. As a result, marginal propensity to consume falls and the value of multiplier also goes down.(3) Imports: If the imports of a country exceed its exports a large portion of the national income will go to foreigners. Consequently, the multiplier effect of this expenditure is transmitted abroad. In such a situation, any increase in the investment will not increase the level of income in the economy.(4) Price Inflation: When the economic reaches the full employment level or very close to it, every increase in investment will bring about a simultaneous increase in the price level. A large portion of incremental income will be spent in buying costly things; therefore, the intensity of multiplier becomes weak.(5) Liquidity preference: People keep a part of their money income in liquid form. Liquidity preference reduces the present level of consumption of the community; as a result, the multiplier loses its strength.
A recent article in the Cincinnati Enquirer reported that the mean labor cost to repair a heat pump is $90 with a standard deviation of $22. Montes plumbing and Heating Service com
The events X and Y are mutually exclusive. Suppose P(X)=.05 and P(Y) =.02. What is the probability of either X or Y occurring? What is not probability of X nor Y happens?
Regression Analysis This is a statistical tool which is used to discern the relationship among a dependent variable as like sales to one or more independent variables like adve
discuss the different of cost?draw the cost curves
If real GDP was $13.1 trillion in 2013 and $13.3 in 2014, what is the growth rate? (b) How many years would it take for GDP (gross domestic product) to double (using your answer fr
Many investors and financial analysts believe the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) provides a good barometer of the overall stock market. On January 31, 2006, 9 of the 30 stocks
Given the data in the table below, provide an estimate of the arc price elasticity of demand for green and chai tea. Chai tea Price $/lb. 10.4, 10.5 Chai tea Quantity mil lbs. 75
The circular flow of income in a closed economy A closed economy exists when there is no international trade. We shall also assume that in this particular closed economy there
Now suppose that the archery instructors need a license in order to charge for archery lessons. The license is free of charge, but there are only four licenses distributed. Assumin
Here from a), profit maximizing price = 7 and Q = 10. It is shown in the figure below:- The consumer surplus is shown in blue area which is given as (9-7) *10*1/2 =10 dolla
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