Lead, Biology

Assignment Help:

Lead

It is common cause of poisoning in cattle. Lead poisoning in other species is limited by reduced accessibility, more selective eating habits, or lower susceptibility. In cattle, many cases are associated with seeding and harvesting activities when used oil and battery disposal from machinery is handled improperly. Other sources of lead include paint, linoleum, grease, lead weights, lead shot, and contaminated foliage growing near smelters or along roadsides. Lead poisoning is also encountered in urban environments, and  old houses painted with lead-based paint has been associated with lead poisoning in small animals. After consumption, small portion of lead is absorbed and it is excreted through bile, urine and milk. It causes encephalopathy, gastroenteritis and degeneration of peripheral nerves.

In acute poisoning, animals reveal muscle tremors, champing of jaw, salivation, blindness, muscular twitching, convulsion, hyperasthesia and death. In chronic cases, head pressing, long standing posture, circling, excitement, blindness and mania, grinding of teeth, ruminal stasis, gastroenteritis and abdominal pain are noticed. Animals die as a result of respiratory failure during convulsions. It is diagnosed by clinical signs or by measuring the level of lead in blood and also detected indirectly by measuring delta aminolevulinic acid which decreases in blood in lead toxicity.

Lead levels in various tissues may be useful to evaluate excessive accumulation and to reflect the level or duration of exposure, severity, and prognosis and the success of treatment. Concentrations of lead in the blood at 0.35 ppm, liver at 10 ppm, or kidney cortex at 10 ppm are consistent with a diagnosis of lead poisoning in most species.

The animals can be treated with calcium versenate (calcium EDTA) given @ 100-200 mg/kg body weight intravenously thrice daily for 3-4 days. Thiamine given @ 2 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously also helps in its treatment. Simultaneous use of Ca EDTA and vitamin B has synergistic effect. Use of 400-600 g magnesium sulphate orally precipitates lead.


Related Discussions:- Lead

Pachytene, Pachytene: The pairing of homologous chromosomes is comp...

Pachytene: The pairing of homologous chromosomes is completed. Chromosomes become more and more thick. Each bivalent has four chromatids , which wrap around each o

Primary egg envelopes, Primary Egg Envelopes These are the egg envelo...

Primary Egg Envelopes These are the egg envelopes which develop in the ovary between oocyte and follicle cells in the space occupied by the interdigitating microvilli. Such e

Parturition , P ARTURITIO N - Gestation period is of 280 days (in rab...

P ARTURITIO N - Gestation period is of 280 days (in rabbit 28 days). Parturition is the expelling of fully mature young ones from the mother's uterus. Oxytocin stimulates

What is calvin cycle, What is Calvin Cycle? The dark reactions of photo...

What is Calvin Cycle? The dark reactions of photosynthesis are also known as the Calvin cycle. This process synthesizes glucose molecules using carbon dioxide from the atmosphe

What nerve is being compressed, what major nerve do you think is being comp...

what major nerve do you think is being compressed when a person often feel pain in the posterior surface of the thigh radiating to the area behind the knee and where is the likely

What is class gastropoda in animal kingdom, What is Class Gastropoda in ani...

What is Class Gastropoda in animal kingdom? Snails and slugs are referred to as gastropods because of their characteristic body plan. "Gastro" is derived from the Greek word fo

ATP FORMATION, what compound is phosphorylated for ATP? what is the resulti...

what compound is phosphorylated for ATP? what is the resulting compound when ATP releases energy

Explain the term lipids, Explain the term Lipids? If somebody discovers...

Explain the term Lipids? If somebody discovers that you have some knowledge of nutrition, you will be promptly shooted with two questions, first, "Oh! You really can tell how m

What is the importance of biotin, What is the Importance of biotin Biot...

What is the Importance of biotin Biotin is involved in a number of important metabolic reactions, probably as coenzymes. Deficiency symptoms are manifest as degenerative cha

Do plants present only sexual reproduction, Q. Do plants present only sexua...

Q. Do plants present only sexual reproduction? There are asexual forms of reproduction in plants few naturally detached pieces of root, leaves or limbs develop into another com

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd