Lead, Biology

Assignment Help:

Lead

It is common cause of poisoning in cattle. Lead poisoning in other species is limited by reduced accessibility, more selective eating habits, or lower susceptibility. In cattle, many cases are associated with seeding and harvesting activities when used oil and battery disposal from machinery is handled improperly. Other sources of lead include paint, linoleum, grease, lead weights, lead shot, and contaminated foliage growing near smelters or along roadsides. Lead poisoning is also encountered in urban environments, and  old houses painted with lead-based paint has been associated with lead poisoning in small animals. After consumption, small portion of lead is absorbed and it is excreted through bile, urine and milk. It causes encephalopathy, gastroenteritis and degeneration of peripheral nerves.

In acute poisoning, animals reveal muscle tremors, champing of jaw, salivation, blindness, muscular twitching, convulsion, hyperasthesia and death. In chronic cases, head pressing, long standing posture, circling, excitement, blindness and mania, grinding of teeth, ruminal stasis, gastroenteritis and abdominal pain are noticed. Animals die as a result of respiratory failure during convulsions. It is diagnosed by clinical signs or by measuring the level of lead in blood and also detected indirectly by measuring delta aminolevulinic acid which decreases in blood in lead toxicity.

Lead levels in various tissues may be useful to evaluate excessive accumulation and to reflect the level or duration of exposure, severity, and prognosis and the success of treatment. Concentrations of lead in the blood at 0.35 ppm, liver at 10 ppm, or kidney cortex at 10 ppm are consistent with a diagnosis of lead poisoning in most species.

The animals can be treated with calcium versenate (calcium EDTA) given @ 100-200 mg/kg body weight intravenously thrice daily for 3-4 days. Thiamine given @ 2 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously also helps in its treatment. Simultaneous use of Ca EDTA and vitamin B has synergistic effect. Use of 400-600 g magnesium sulphate orally precipitates lead.


Related Discussions:- Lead

What is the mean of crp, CRP is a marker of systemic inflammation. As the r...

CRP is a marker of systemic inflammation. As the role of inflammation in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis becomes better understood, CRP has gained prominence as a

Explain about the cheese making - methods of food processing, Explain about...

Explain about the Cheese Making - methods of food processing? Cheese is a way of preserving milk for long periods of time. In this process, the milk in cheese becomes something

What is gastrulation, Q. What is gastrulation? How during gastrulation are ...

Q. What is gastrulation? How during gastrulation are the first two germ layers formed? What are these germ layers? Gastrulation is the process through which a portion of the bl

Explain feeding schedule in infancy, Explain Feeding Schedule in Infancy? ...

Explain Feeding Schedule in Infancy? 1) Milk feed 5-6 times/day. Continue breast-feeding. Exclusive breast-feeding up to 6 months even during illness. Follow demand feeding.

Heart of cockroach, Heart of cockroach: In cockroach, heart is situa...

Heart of cockroach: In cockroach, heart is situated in pericardial sinus. It has13 chambers These are one behind the other. Each chamber opens into preceeding one. The

Why body composition assessment is done in sports & exercise, Why Body comp...

Why Body composition assessment is done in sports and exercise? Body composition assessment is generally done in sports and exercise for the following reasons: 1) It can ser

Phylum protozoa, diversification and economic importance

diversification and economic importance

Properties of fatty acid, A fatty acid having of a hydrocarbon chain and a ...

A fatty acid having of a hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxylic acid group that is shown in the figure.  Most  fatty  acids  are  in  biology  have  an  even  number  of carbo

What are the ions, Q. What are the ions? What are the two kinds of molecule...

Q. What are the ions? What are the two kinds of molecules into which ions are classified ? Ions are substances or atoms electrically charged by means of gain or loss of electron

What are living and nonliving reservoirs, What are living and nonliving res...

What are living and nonliving reservoirs? Viruses are both living as well as non-living. They have reservoirs of genes. A one nucleotide is a unit of gene. Viral genes make use

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd