Keywords of road pavements, Civil Engineering

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Keywords of Road Pavements:

Pavement : That part of a road which structurally supports the vehicles travelling on a road.

Flexible Pavement   : A layered system of pavement withstanding wheel loads by lateral distribution.

Rigid Pavement : A cement concrete pavement having a slab of high strength and withstanding external loads by beam action.

Wearing Surface : The topmost layer in a flexible pavement.

Base Course : The layer immediately below the wearing surface in a bituminous course.

Granular Sub-base (GSB)  : The bottom-most layer of a flexible pavement that rests on the sub-grade.

Sub-grade : The top portion of the soil embankment that supports the pavement.

Drainage Layer : The bottom-most layer of a pavement (flexible or rigid) that serves to drain away the water entering through the pavement layers.

Borrow Pits : Pits dug to borrow earth for embankment construction.

Damaging Power : The damage on overloaded axle causes to a pavement as compared to a standard axle load.

Vehicle Damage Factor (VDF) : The damage caused to a pavement by each commercial vehicle.

Load Distribution Factor : The traffic to be considered in the design lane as a fraction of the full traffic in both directions.

Design Period : The number of years for which a pavement is designed.

Traffic Growth Rate : The rate at which traffic grows every year over the design period.

Million Standard Axles (msa) : The repetitions of the standard axle load in millions over the design period.

Soil Stabilisation : Process of treating a soil to improve its properties.

Mechanical Stabilisation : Blending soil with better materials to obtain a better particle size distribution.

Chemical Stabilisation : Addition of additives like lime, cement, lime- flyash, bituminous materials to soil to improve its properties.

Brick Pavement : Pavement using full bricks laid flat or on edge.

Over-burnt Brick Ballast    : Aggregates formed by breaking over-burnt (Jhama Metal)    bricks.

Stone Soling : A pavement layer using stone boulders.

Water Bound Macadam : A pavement layer with aggregates held together by a film of screenings and binding material in the pressure of water.

Wet Mix Macadam  : A layer of graded aggregates mixed with water in a plant and laid by a paver.


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